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Passive accumulation of alkaloids in inconspicuously colored frogs refines the evolutionary paradigm of acquired chemical defenses.
Elife
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, United States.
Understanding the origins of novel, complex phenotypes is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae have evolved the novel ability to acquire alkaloids from their diet for chemical defense at least three times. However, taxon sampling for alkaloids has been biased towards colorful species, without similar attention paid to inconspicuous ones that are often assumed to be undefended.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPilot cluster randomised controlled trial of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus to reduce emotional dysregulation among young men in rural areas and urban informal settlements in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.
Int J Soc Psychiatry
December 2024
Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Aim: Emotional dysregulation (ED) - the difficulty to control emotional responses to stressors - is a potential driver of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among young men in HIV endemic resource-limited settings. This two-armed pilot cluster randomised controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus (SSCF+), a participatory gender transformative and livelihood strengthening intervention, on the emotional dysregulation (ED) among young men in South Africa (SA).
Methods: A total of 163 young men ages 18 to 30 years were recruited in 30 clusters (friendship groups) in urban informal settlements and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal, SA.
Computational Characterization of the Structure, Energy, Strengths, and Fracture Resistances of Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundaries in Ice.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States.
Using an interatomic potential that can capture the tetrahedral configuration of water molecules (HO) in ice without the need to explicitly track the motion of the O and H atoms, coarse-grained (CG) atomistic simulations are performed here to characterize the structures, energy, cohesive strengths, and fracture resistance of the grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline ice resulting from water freezing. Taking the symmetric tilt grain boundaries (STGBs) with a tilting axis of ⟨0001⟩ as an example, several main findings from our simulations are (i) the GB energy, , exhibits a strong dependence on the GB misorientation angle, θ. The classical Read-Shockley model only predicts the - θ relation reasonably well when θ < 20° or θ > 45° but fails when 20° < θ < 45°; (ii) two "valleys" appear in the -θ landscape.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple-agent promotion in a grocery store: effects of modality and variability of agents on customer memory.
Front Robot AI
December 2024
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
The use of social robots for product advertising is becoming prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that social robots can positively impact sales recommendations. However, the essential question of "how effectively customers remember the advertised content" remains unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCAR T-cells in autoimmunity: game changer or stepping stone?
Blood
December 2024
Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has revolutionized the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies, and emerging evidence suggests their potential in autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This article examines the early successes and future implications of B-cell-targeting CAR T-cell therapy in AIDs. Initial applications, particularly in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have demonstrated significant and durable clinical remissions, with accompanying evaluation of the immune system suggesting a so-called "reset" of innate inflammation and adaptive autoimmunity.
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