AI Article Synopsis
- Mild ammoxidation of technical lignins can create artificial humic substances, but carbohydrates in lignins can produce toxic N-heterocyclic compounds.
- Ethyl acetate extracts from ammoxidation of glucose and xylose showed significant growth inhibition in living organisms, with several compounds identified as particularly harmful.
- Lower temperatures during ammoxidation (70 °C) result in fewer toxic compounds from polysaccharides compared to higher temperatures (100-140 °C), where toxic compound yields significantly increase.
Article Abstract
Ammoxidation of technical lignins under mild conditions is a suitable approach to artificial humic substances. However, carbohydrates as common minor constituents of technical lignins have been demonstrated to be a potential source of N-heterocyclic ecotoxic compounds. Ethyl acetate extracts of ammoxidation mixtures of the monosaccharides glucose and xylose exhibited considerable growth inhibiting activity in the OECD 201 test, with 4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazole, and 3-hydroxypyridine being the most active compounds. The amount of N-heterocyclic compounds formed at moderate ammoxidation conditions (70 °C, 0.2 MPa O2, 3 h) was significantly lower for the polysaccharides cellulose and xylan (16-30 μg/g of educt) compared to glucose (15.4 mg). Ammoxidation at higher temperature is not recommendable for carbohydrate-rich materials as much higher amounts of N-heterocyclic compounds were formed from both monosaccharides (100 °C: 122.4-160.5 mg/g of educt) and polysaccharides (140 °C: 5.52-16.03 mg/g of educt).
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788623 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf4019596 | DOI Listing |
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