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Cross-Sectoral Comparisons of Process Quality Indicators of Health Care Across Residential Regions Using Restricted Mean Survival Time.
Med Care
November 2024
Institute of Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Background: Practice guidelines recommend patient management based on scientific evidence. Quality indicators gauge adherence to such recommendations and assess health care quality. They are usually defined as adverse event rates, which may not fully capture guideline adherence over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimating the Genetic Risk of First-Degree Relatives for Chronic Diseases Using the Short Tandem Repeat Score as Model of Polygenic Inheritance.
Biochem Genet
December 2024
College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
This study aims to establish a genetic risk assessment model based on a score of short tandem repeats (STRs) of polygenic inheritance. A total of 396 children and their biological parents were collected for STR genotyping. The numbers of tandem repeats of two alleles in one STR locus were assumed to be a quantitative genetic strength for disease incidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review.
Drugs
December 2024
The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The burden is highest in some low- and middle-income countries. One-quarter of the world's population is estimated to have been infected with TB, which is the seedbed for progressing from TB infection to the deadly and contagious disease itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVolatile hydrocarbon exposures and immune-related illnesses among Deepwater Horizon oil spill workers.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Background: Despite evidence from experimental studies linking some petroleum hydrocarbons to markers of immune suppression, limited epidemiologic research exists on this topic.
Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations of oil spill related chemicals (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H)) and total hydrocarbons (THC) with immune-related illnesses as indicators of potential immune suppression.
Methods: Subjects comprised 8601 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill clean-up and response workers who participated in a home visit (1-3 years after the DWH spill) in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study.
Exhaled breath metabolites reveal postmenopausal gut-bone cross-talk and non-invasive markers for osteoporosis.
Commun Med (Lond)
December 2024
Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Background: Menopause driven decline in estrogen exposes women to risk of osteoporosis. Detection of early onset and silent progression are keys to prevent fractures and associated burdens.
Methods: In a discovery cohort of 120 postmenopausal women, we combined repeated quantitative pulse-echo ultrasonography of bone, assessment of grip strength and serum bone markers with mass-spectrometric analysis of exhaled metabolites to find breath volatile markers and quantitative cutoff levels for osteoporosis.
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