The relationship between parental alcohol use and college students' alcohol-related cognitions.

This study examined how parental and cognitive factors are structurally related to college students' intention to drink alcohol as well as possible gender differences in these relationships. Multiple-group comparison was used in structural equation modeling to assess data-to-model fit of the hypothesized model. Perceived parental alcohol use, positive expectancies, abstinence self-efficacy in social situations, and intent to drink alcohol were structurally modeled and examined in 714 college students based on self-report measures. Results showed good fit of the hypothesized model in both men and women. Invariance of model fit was found across genders, although a more detailed analysis of the results suggested gender-specific influence of parental alcohol use over students' cognitions. Perceptions of greater parental alcohol use were associated with higher positive expectancies for alcohol use, which, in turn, were significantly related to lower drink refusal self-efficacy. Both higher expectancies and lower refusal self-efficacy were related to the intention for future use. Results of the study shed light on the development of alcohol-related cognitions in male and female college students and contribute to our understanding of the structural relationship between expectancies and self-efficacy in alcohol use.