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The influence of high-fat diet on nicotine vapor self-administration, neuronal excitability, and leptin levels in adult mice.
Physiol Behav
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, 1700 3(rd) Avenue, Huntington, WV 25703, USA. Electronic address:
With the rise in fast-food culture and the continued high numbers of tobacco-related deaths, there has been a great deal of interest in understanding the relationship between high-fat diet (HFD) and nicotine use behaviors. Using adult mice and a patch-clamp electrophysiology assay, we investigated the influence of HFD on the excitability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons and pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) given their role in modulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine and natural rewards. We then examined whether HFD-induced changes in peripheral markers were associated with nicotine use behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaternal obesity associates with altered humoral immunity in blood and colostrum.
Mucosal Immunol
January 2025
The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64700 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Electronic address:
Maternal obesity is a condition with increasing prevalence worldwide, that correlates with negative infant outcomes. Here we performed an observational cross-sectional study, where peripheral blood and colostrum samples from 37 mothers with BMI between 18.5-25 or > 30 kg/m (21 and 16 mothers, respectively) were collected 24-48 h postpartum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVisual cues of respiratory contagion: Their impact on neuroimmune activation and mucosal immune responses in humans.
Brain Behav Immun
January 2025
Department of Biology, Neuroendocrinology and Human Biology Unit, Institute for Animal Cell- and Systems Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, D-22085 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address:
This study investigated the neural correlates of perceiving visual contagion cues characteristic of respiratory infections through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Sixty-two participants (32f/ 30 m; ∼25 years on average) watched short videos depicting either contagious or non-contagious everyday situations, while their brain activation was continuously measured. We further measured the release of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva to examine the first-line defensive response of the mucosal immune system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulse-by-pulse treatment planning and its application to generic observations of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy with photons and protons.
Phys Med Biol
January 2025
Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND.
The exact temporal characteristics of beam delivery affect the efficacy and outcome of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR or "FLASH") radiotherapy, mainly due to the influence of the beam pulse structure on mean dose rate. Single beams may also be delivered in separate treatment sessions to elevate mean dose rate. This paper therefore describes a model for pulse-by-pulse treatment planning and demonstrates its application by making some generic observations of the characteristics of FLASH radiotherapy with photons and protons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells upregulate PD-1 expression on the CD8 T cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Mol Immunol
January 2025
Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China. Electronic address:
Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) are a crucial component of the gastric cancer microenvironment, exerting a pivotal influence on the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment and the progression of gastric cancer. In this study, we utilized GC-MSCs to co-culture peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from both gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals in a proportionate manner by direct cell-to-cell contact. Our findings reveal that co-culture of GC-MSCs with PBMCs led to a notable reduction in CD8 T cells percentages and an increase in surface PD-1 expression levels on CD8 T cells.
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