Objectives Intracranial penetration by foreign bodies entering via the orbit represent an unusual form of traumatic brain injury. Nevertheless, much is at stake with high risk for cranial nerve and neurovascular injury. We present a case where the bristled end of a toothbrush entered the brain as a projectile via the superior orbital fissure and discuss considerations for surgical management. Setting A 35-year-old woman suffered a periorbital injury after her husband threw an electric toothbrush at a wall and the head of the toothbrush became a missile that projected through her superior orbital fissure and into her right temporal lobe. She complained of headache and incomplete vision loss in the affected eye. Intervention After obtaining a cerebrovascular angiogram, we proceeded with emergent orbital decompression and anterograde extraction of the foreign body via a modified frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach with drilling of the skull base allowing for en bloc removal of the toothbrush. Conclusions The patient recovered well with improvement in her vision and partial third and sixth nerve palsies. This report illustrates a unique mechanism of injury with a novel intracranial foreign body. We review the neurosurgeon's need for prompt management with an approach customized to the structure of the offending object, the damaged elements, and the surrounding cranial nerves and vascular anatomy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1346976 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Preclinical evidence in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease suggests that liraglutide exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing amyloid oligomers, normalising synaptic plasticity and cerebral glucose uptake, and increasing the proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells.
Method: This is a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIb trial of liraglutide in participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia, conducted at several centres in the UK.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, NRW, Germany.
Background: Physical exercise presents a viable low-cost, low-risk, individual, and widely available non-pharmacological treatment candidate in cognitive decline such as in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are even indications that it can reduce the risk of developing dementia in the first place (Livingston et al., The Lancet, 2020).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Background: Social health factors have been robustly associated with better cognitive health in older adults; however, less is known about how social network size affects the relationship between in-vivo biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and brain aging outcomes. We examined the independent and interactive relationships between plasma pTau181 and social network size on memory function and medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume in older adults.
Method: Participants were 58 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 75.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, http://adni.loni.usc.edu/, CA, USA.
Background: Several studies have shown that financial capacity constitutes a vital component of instrumental activities of daily living. However, there is insufficient research investigating the relationship between financial impairment, brain volume changes and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we examine the association between brain volume changes and financial capacity in cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada.
Introduction: Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI-1) antibody encephalitis is a rare subtype of autoimmune limb encephalitis (ALE), which is marked by rapid neuropsychiatric decline. This report details a comprehensive approach to its diagnosis and management.
Assessment: In this case, a 68-year-old man presented with aggressive behaviors, cognitive decline, and seizure-like episodes.
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