A process concept combining pretreatment of wood in ionic liquids and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars is herein investigated to identify operating conditions which allow for (i) the processing of larger wood chips of 10 mm length, (ii) low temperature, (iii) high sugar yield, and (iv) short processing time. A careful quantitative study of the interaction of pretreatment and hydrolysis reveals that hydrolysis is most effective if beech chips are first disintegrated in [EMIM][Ac] at 115 °C for 1.5 h. The cellulose conversion varies between 70.5 wt% and 90.2wt% for hydrolysis times between 5 h and 72 h. A complete recovery of cellulose and xylan resulting in a total saccharification of 65 wt% of the wood chips could be demonstrated. It is shown that short pretreatment times are required to enable high sugar yield as well as to limit product degradation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.059 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Limestone (LS) and stabilised secondary spruce chips (SCs) utilisation in wood-cement composites is still an unexplored area. Therefore, the main objective of the research presented here is the assessment of the long-term behaviour of cement-bonded particleboards (CBPs) modified by LS and SCs. Cement (CE) was replaced by 10% of LS, and spruce chips by 7% of SCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArh Hig Rada Toksikol
December 2024
Pio XI Hospital, Clinical Unit of Occupational Health, Desio, Italy.
In this study we monitored exposure to airborne dust in workers performing various tasks at two biomass-fuelled thermal power plants (27 and 46 MW) over six years. The plants are mainly fuelled by forest wood chips and, to a lesser extent, by agro-food products, with annual consumption of about 300 and 450 kt. We focused on inhalable wood dust because of its potential carcinogenicity to humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Agroforestry Technology, Science and Genetics, School of Advanced Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Campus Universitario s/n, Castilla La Mancha University, E-02071, Albacete, Spain.
Several indexes have been proposed in the scientific literature and widely applied in many environments to evaluate the ecosystem multifunctionality. However, some indexes are based on the simple average of the environmental indicators (EIs) and ecosystem functions (EFs), which do not consider the ecosystem complexity and mutual relationships among the composing variables. In order to overcome these limitations, this study proposes a new method that modifies the ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) index proposed by Maestre et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
February 2025
Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
J Magn Reson
December 2024
Institute of Smart Sensors, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ(ST),), Stuttgart, Germany; Institute for Microelectronics Stuttgart (IMS CHIPS), Stuttgart, Germany.
In this paper, we introduce a compact, single-sided stray field sensor for NMR relaxometry applications. The sensor consists of four main components: the magnet, the RF coil, the spectrometer, and the translation stage. Our proposed magnet, an improved design of the Profile NMR-MOUSE, is designed for low weight, compactness, and magnetic field homogeneity, achieved through various shim strategies using a mixed genetic algorithm.
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