Hallmark features of neural circuit development include early exuberant innervation followed by competition and pruning to mature innervation topography. Several neural systems, including the neuromuscular junction and climbing fiber innervation of Purkinje cells, are models to study neural development in part because they establish a recognizable endpoint of monoinnervation of their targets and because the presynaptic terminals are large and easily monitored. We demonstrate here that calyx of Held (CH) innervation of its target, which forms a key element of auditory brainstem binaural circuitry, exhibits all of these characteristics. To investigate CH development, we made the first application of serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to neural development with fine temporal resolution and thereby accomplished the first time series for 3D ultrastructural analysis of neural circuit formation. This approach revealed a growth spurt of added apposed surface area (ASA)>200 μm2/d centered on a single age at postnatal day 3 in mice and an initial rapid phase of growth and competition that resolved to monoinnervation in two-thirds of cells within 3 d. This rapid growth occurred in parallel with an increase in action potential threshold, which may mediate selection of the strongest input as the winning competitor. ASAs of competing inputs were segregated on the cell body surface. These data suggest mechanisms to select "winning" inputs by regional reinforcement of postsynaptic membrane to mediate size and strength of competing synaptic inputs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1087-13.2013 | DOI Listing |
Brief Bioinform
November 2024
Department of Automation, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
Studying the changes in cellular transcriptional profiles induced by small molecules can significantly advance our understanding of cellular state alterations and response mechanisms under chemical perturbations, which plays a crucial role in drug discovery and screening processes. Considering that experimental measurements need substantial time and cost, we developed a deep learning-based method called Molecule-induced Transcriptional Change Predictor (MiTCP) to predict changes in transcriptional profiles (CTPs) of 978 landmark genes induced by molecules. MiTCP utilizes graph neural network-based approaches to simultaneously model molecular structure representation and gene co-expression relationships, and integrates them for CTP prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Background: Individuals with hearing impairments may face hindrances in health care assistance, which may significantly impact the prognosis and the incidence of complications and iatrogenic events. Therefore, the development of automatic communication systems to assist the interaction between this population and health care workers is paramount.
Objective: This study aims to systematically review the evidence on communication systems using human-computer interaction techniques developed for deaf people who communicate through sign language that are already in use or proposed for use in health care contexts and have been tested with human users or videos of human users.
Transl Vis Sci Technol
January 2025
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a deep-learning model for noninvasive anemia detection, hemoglobin (Hb) level estimation, and identification of anemia-related retinal features using fundus images.
Methods: The dataset included 2265 participants aged 40 years and above from a population-based study in South India. The dataset included ocular and systemic clinical parameters, dilated retinal fundus images, and hematological data such as complete blood counts and Hb concentration levels.
J Neural Transm (Vienna)
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. Patients suffer from progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. Further, PD patients often present geriatric features like multimorbidity and polypharmacotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment
January 2025
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Despite being a major target of reconstructive surgery, development of the ear pinna remains poorly studied. Here we provide a cellular characterization of late gestational and postnatal ear pinna development in two rodents and investigate the role of BMP5 in expansion and differentiation of auricular elastic cartilage. We find that ear pinna development is largely conserved between Mus musculus and the highly regenerative Acomys dimidiatus.
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