Water movement plays vital roles in both physiological and pathological conditions in the brain. Astrocytes are responsible for regulating this water movement and are the major contributors to brain edema in pathological conditions. Aquaporins (AQPs) in astrocytes play critical roles in the regulation of water movement in the brain. AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9 have been reported in the brain. Compared with AQP1, 4, and 9, AQP3, 5, and 8 are less studied. Among the lesser known AQPs, AQP5, which has multiple functions identified outside the central nervous system, is also indicated to be involved in hypoxia injury in astrocytes. In our study, AQP5 expression could be detected both in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons, and AQP5 expression in astrocytes was confirmed in 1- to 4-week old primary cultures of astrocytes. AQP5 was localized on the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. AQP5 expression was downregulated during ischemia treatment and upregulated after scratch-wound injury, which was also confirmed in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and a stab-wound injury model in vivo. The AQP5 increased after scratch injury was polarized to the migrating processes and cytoplasmic membrane of astrocytes in the leading edge of the scratch-wound, and AQP5 over-expression facilitated astrocyte process elongation after scratch injury. Taken together, these results indicate that AQP5 might be an important water channel in astrocytes that is differentially expressed during various brain injuries.
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January 2025
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
Soft robots based on actuators that can work in both on-ground and on-water situations are environmentally adaptable and can accomplish tasks in complex environments. However, most current amphibious actuators need external stimuli to move on water and require complex preparation processes. Herein, amphibious Ink-paper/polyethylene programmable actuators and robots are proposed, which are fabricated by rapidly brushing Chinese ink on paper.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
December 2024
Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan, 430051, China.
Selective withdrawal is an effective measure to mitigate the adverse effects caused by reservoir construction. The main types of selective withdrawal include multi-level withdrawal and internal weir withdrawal, each with distinct characteristics. It is urgent to elucidate the thermal response differences between these two types of selective withdrawal to improve scheduling accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
December 2024
Research group BioGeoOmics, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in surface aquatic systems is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds reflecting its allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter (OM) sources. The composition of DOM is determined by environmental factors like land use, water chemistry, and climate, which influence its release, movement, and turnover in the ecosystem. However, studying the impact of these environmental factors on DOM composition is challenging due to the dynamic nature of the system and the complex interactions of multiple environmental factors involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Prosthet Dent
December 2024
Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash. Electronic address:
Statement Of Problem: The angled screw channel (ASC) design has been well accepted for implant prostheses. However, investigation into the behavior of the ASC connection is sparse.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of cyclic loading on the internal connection of an ASC system compared with straight access systems by measuring reverse torque values (RTVs) and using microcomputed tomography (µCT) imaging.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2024
Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 751003, Odisha, India.
Antibiotics are extensively used to manage human, animal and plant ailments caused by microbial infections. However, rampant use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance, which is a public health concern. The development of antibiotic resistance is significantly influenced by agro-ecosystems.
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