A new liquid microjet endstation designed for ultraviolet (UPS) and X-ray (XPS) photoelectron, and partial electron yield X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies at the Swiss Light Source is presented. The new endstation, which is based on a Scienta HiPP-2 R4000 electron spectrometer, is the first liquid microjet endstation capable of operating in vacuum and in ambient pressures up to the equilibrium vapor pressure of liquid water at room temperature. In addition, the Scienta HiPP-2 R4000 energy analyzer of this new endstation allows for XPS measurements up to 7000 eV electron kinetic energy that will enable electronic structure measurements of bulk solutions and buried interfaces from liquid microjet samples. The endstation is designed to operate at the soft X-ray SIM beamline and at the tender X-ray Phoenix beamline. The endstation can also be operated using a Scienta 5 K ultraviolet helium lamp for dedicated UPS measurements at the vapor-liquid interface using either He I or He II α lines. The design concept, first results from UPS, soft X-ray XPS, and partial electron yield XAS measurements, and an outlook to the potential of this endstation are presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812786 | DOI Listing |
Struct Dyn
November 2024
Maricopa High School, Maricopa, Arizona 85139, USA.
We introduce a hardware-software system for rapidly characterizing liquid microjets for x-ray diffraction experiments. An open-source python-based software package allows for programmatic and automated data collection and analysis. We show how jet speed, length, and diameter are influenced by nozzle geometry, gas flow rate, liquid viscosity, and liquid flow rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Eng Phys
November 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
To reveal the penetration mechanism and present the penetration characteristics of high-speed micro-jet with injection volume larger than 0.3 mL into soft tissue, the present study conducted experimental research on high-speed water-jet penetration into ballistic gelatin. The free jet dynamics of an air-powered needle-free injector that can emit up to 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Ontario, Windsor, Canada.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
Despite the important role of the dark nπ* state in the photostability of thymidine in aqueous solution, no detailed ultraviolet (UV) wavelength-dependent investigation of the nπ* quantum yield (QY) in aqueous thymidine has been experimentally performed. Here, we investigate the wavelength-dependent photoemission spectra of aqueous thymidine from 266.7 to 240 nm using liquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem A
September 2024
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Biochemistry and a large part of atmospheric chemistry occur in aqueous environments or at aqueous interfaces, where (photo)chemical reaction rates can be increased by up to several orders of magnitude. The key to understanding the chemistry and photoresponse of molecules in and "on" water lies in their valence electronic structure, with a sensitive probe being photoelectron spectroscopy. This work reports velocity-map photoelectron imaging of submicrometer-sized aqueous phenol droplets in the valence region after nonresonant (288 nm) and resonance-enhanced (274 nm) two-photon ionization with femtosecond ultraviolet light, complementing previous liquid microjet studies.
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