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Diversification and recurrent adaptation of the synaptonemal complex in Drosophila.
PLoS Genet
January 2025
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein-rich structure essential for meiotic recombination and faithful chromosome segregation. Acting like a zipper to paired homologous chromosomes during early prophase I, the complex is a symmetrical structure where central elements are connected on two sides by the transverse filaments to the chromatin-anchoring lateral elements. Despite being found in most major eukaryotic taxa implying a deeply conserved evolutionary origin, several components of the complex exhibit unusually high rates of sequence turnover.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscription introduces torsional stress in the DNA fiber causing it to transition from a relaxed to a supercoiled state that can propagate across several kilobases and modulate the binding and activity of DNA-associated proteins. As a result, transcription at one locus has the potential to impact nearby transcription events. In this study, we asked how DNA supercoiling affects histone modifications and transcription of neighboring genes in the multicellular eukaryote .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGene regulation by convergent promoters.
Nat Genet
January 2025
Hoffmann Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
Convergent transcription, that is, the collision of sense and antisense transcription, is ubiquitous in mammalian genomes and believed to diminish RNA expression. Recently, antisense transcription downstream of promoters was found to be surprisingly prevalent. However, functional characteristics of affected promoters are poorly investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpigenetic Regulation and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From MeCP2 to the TCF20/PHF14 Complex.
Genes (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect approximately 15% of children and adolescents worldwide. This group of disorders is often polygenic with varying risk factors, with many associated genes converging on shared molecular pathways, including chromatin regulation and transcriptional control. Understanding how NDD-associated chromatin regulators and protein complexes orchestrate these regulatory pathways is crucial for elucidating NDD pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA-damage orchestrates self-renewal and differentiation via reciprocal p53 family and Hippo/Wnt/TGF-β pathway activation in embryonic stem cells.
Cell Mol Life Sci
January 2025
Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
The mechanism by which DNA-damage affects self-renewal and pluripotency remains unclear. DNA damage and repair mechanisms have been largely elucidated in mutated cancer cells or simple eukaryotes, making valid interpretations on early development difficult. Here we show the impact of ionizing irradiation on the maintenance and early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
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