Background: Some controlled trials have shown significant differences in short-term clinical outcomes between poractant alfa and beractant in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is, however, no study showing the differences in long-term outcomes with these treatments.
Aim: To determine and compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with RDS treated with poractant alfa or beractant at 2 years of age.
Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, single-center cohort study of infants born at ≤ 1,500 g and/or ≤ 32 weeks between 2008 and 2009 who received either poractant alfa (n = 113) or beractant (n = 102) for RDS. Neurological and developmental assessments were performed at a corrected age of 18 to 24 months.
Results: About 33 of 113 infants (29.2%) in the poractant alfa group had neurodevelopmental impairment compared with 36 of 102 (35.2%) in the beractant group, and the results did not differ between the groups (p = 0.339). Similarly, no significant difference was found in the percentage of infants with cerebral palsy (11.5 vs. 16.7%, respectively; p = 0.275).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that poractant alfa and beractant are similar in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes when used for the treatment of RDS in preterm infants.
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