Characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake victims who remained in a government-supported transitional community.

Introduction: The Chinese government and provincial authorities built a large number of temporary communities to shelter survivors after the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Most residents left within a few months but others remained. This study describes the characteristics and psychological status of those victims who remained in a government-supported transitional community 12 months post-earthquake compared to residents who departed prior to that time.

Methods: Two groups of survivors of Wenchuan earthquake who resided in a transitional community were enrolled: 86 in December 2008 and 151 in February 2009. We assessed their mental distress, symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide risk. Forty-three and 46 members of the two groups, respectively, had departed the transitional community at 1 year post-earthquake.

Results: In both groups, most of the survivors who remained in the community 1 year post-earthquake were older, female, with a lower education level and more serious personal losses. They had scored higher on self-report measures reflecting distressing symptoms and impairment as compared with their departed neighbors, and had a higher prevalence of depression and suicide risk at the time of enrollment.

Discussion: Survivors who come to live in a transitional community following a disaster are heterogeneous. Remaining survivors were apparently more vulnerable and had a lower capacity to seek work and return to a more self-sustaining life outside the transitional community. Such vulnerable survivors require distinctive strategies for making a successful return to independent living.