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Tumefactive Nonneoplastic Proliferative Pseudotumors of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract: CT and MRI Findings with Histopathologic Correlation.

Radiographics

December 2023

From the Departments of Radiology (K.P.S., V.R.S., R.B., S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY (K.P.S.); Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa (R.B.); and Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030 (V.R.S., S.R.P.).

A diverse spectrum of pathologically distinct, nonneoplastic, proliferative conditions of the kidneys and urinary tract demonstrate a expansile growth pattern similar to that of neoplasms. The renal pseudotumors include myriad causes of infections as well as rare noninfectious causes such as sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Rare entities such as cystitis cystica, endometriosis, nephrogenic adenoma, and pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation and distinct types of prostatitis comprise tumefactive nontumorous disorders that affect specific segments of the urinary tract.

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Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a rare benign disease of chronic granulomatous inflammation. We report a 23-year-old woman with xanthogranulomatous cystitis. She was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of a 1-year history of frequent, urgent dysuria with recurrent fever.

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Article Synopsis
  • The paper reviews various infectious and inflammatory diseases affecting the genitourinary system, highlighting both common and rare conditions.
  • It covers a wide range of diseases, including acute cystitis, pyelonephritis, and several more obscure infections and complications.
  • Emphasis is placed on the importance for radiologists to recognize these conditions and their potential complications during evaluations.
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Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a very rare urinary bladder condition, of unknown etiology. It may mimic bladder malignancy; therefore, histopathologic assessment is crucial in diagnosis. We report a case of a 38-year-old female who presented with persistent, painless hematuria and a strong consideration of bladder malignancy clinically and on cystoscopy.

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