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A Unique Case Linking Rituximab to a Ureaplasma Infection and Life-Threatening Hyperammonemia.
Cureus
November 2024
Pulmonary & Critical Care, Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, USA.
Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody medication used in treating various cancers like non-Hodgkin lymphomas as well as immunologic conditions like granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It disrupts and decreases the number of B-cells, which causes an immunosuppressive state. This can promote the growth of numerous rare and opportunistic pathogens, one of which is .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContribution of extracellular vesicles to neuroinflammation and cognitive and motor deficits in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy.
Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids
January 2024
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Centre, Valencia 46012, Spain.
Cirrhotic patients can present hepatic encephalopathy (HE), showing motor and cognitive deficits. Hyperammonemia and peripheral inflammation are known to induce neuroinflammation and alter neurotransmission, which finally induces neurological impairment in HE. However, the mechanisms by which the deleterious effects of peripheral inflammation are transmitted to the brain are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Case of Hyperammonemia Not Attributable to Liver Disease and Treated With IV Ammonia Scavengers.
Cureus
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, GBR.
Hyperammonemia is a serious metabolic condition marked by elevated ammonia levels in the blood, leading to neurological damage and systemic complications if untreated. While often associated with liver dysfunction, inborn metabolic errors such as fatty acid oxidation defects, pyruvate metabolism disorders, urea cycle disorders (UCDs), urea splitting bacterial infections, hemato-oncological disorders, and portosystemic shunts are less commonly recognized but significant causes, particularly outside neonatal populations. These metabolic errors, due to partial enzyme deficiencies, may present later in life with atypical symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicles from L. paracasei improve neuroinflammation, GABA neurotransmission and motor incoordination in hyperammonemic rats.
Brain Behav Immun
January 2025
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * Research suggests that probiotics, specifically L. casei, may enhance cognitive function in MHE patients, and extracellular vesicles (EV) from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (LC-EV) could help alleviate neuroinflammation and improve motor function.
- * LC-EV treatment has shown positive effects in reversing neuroinflammation and restoring motor coordination in animal models, indicating potential as a therapeutic approach for patients suffering from MHE.
Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reverse Neuroinflammation and Restore Motor Coordination in Hyperammonemic Rats.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
October 2024
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Príncipe Felipe Research Centre, Valencia, 46012, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- * Treatment with extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) in hyperammonemic rats showed a reduction in neuroinflammation in the cerebellum and improved motor coordination, indicating potential therapeutic benefits.
- * The study identified key inflammatory pathways affected by MSC-EVs, suggesting TGFβ in these vesicles is crucial for restoring motor functions and combating neuroinflammation in MHE.
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