Introduction: The emergence of more effective therapies for the treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has reduced the rates of illness, mortality and malnutrition among infected patients. However, reduced food intake, nutrient malabsorption and metabolic alterations induced by fever and infection are seen in cases of hospital malnutrition.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of oral nutritional support (ONS) on hospitalized patients with AIDS.
Methods: The following variables were analyzed: weight, body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and total serum lymphocytes.
Results: Significant improvements were found in weight, BMI, TSF, AC, albumin and lymphocytes after 19.27 ± 7.45 days of ONS, whereas no significant improvements were found in AMC, hemoglobin or hematocrit.
Conclusion: Dietary intervention with nutritional counseling and the use of supplements led to an improvement in the nutritional status of malnourished individuals with AIDS, but with an increase in adipose tissue and no impact on lean muscle mass or anemia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6276 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Gastroenterology II, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, MAR.
Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is an uncommon endoscopic finding characterized by a patchy or diffuse circumferential black pigmentation of the esophageal mucosa, corresponding to ischemic necrosis. It usually presents with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is thought to be caused by a systemic low blood flow in patients with predisposing risk factors, like advanced age and cardiovascular comorbidities. After initial hemodynamic stabilization, diagnosis is established by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with careful biopsies and histological evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNarra J
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Premature and low birth weight neonates often struggle with oral intake due to immaturity or respiratory distress. Forkhead box protein 2 gene () is predicted to influence oral feeding ability in newborns, but studies assessing the role of this gene in influencing oral feeding ability are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gene polymorphism, particularly single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17137124, on the duration of orogastric tube (OGT) use in moderate to late preterm neonates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPest Manag Sci
January 2025
College of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Background: Development of novel chiral antifungal agents for effective control of plant pathogens is urgently needed. In this study, a series of pyrazol-5-yl-benzamide derivatives containing chiral oxazoline moiety were rationally designed and developed based on molecular docking.
Results: The in vitro antifungal assay results indicated that compounds (rac)-4h (R = Et), (S)-4 h (R = S-Et) and (R)-4 h (R = R-Et) exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Valsa mali with median effective concentration (EC) values of 0.
J Intellect Dev Disabil
March 2024
Clinical and Professional Development, Melmark New England, Andover, MA, USA.
Background: Some adults with intellectual disabilities do not acquire oral feeding skills and are dependent on gastrostomy tube supplementation.
Methods: Two adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities received intervention for oral consumption during daily meals (standardised food and liquid quantities, individualised procedural guidelines, and consumption-contingent consequences) while the frequency and amount of gastrostomy tube feedings were gradually decreased and eliminated.
Results: Compared to baseline (pre-intervention) conditions, the adults increased oral consumption of food and liquid during the intervention and gastrostomy tube supplementation was eliminated.
Clin Auton Res
January 2025
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Purpose: Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Given that the sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular regulation, we hypothesized that alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (the main sympathetic receptor controlling peripheral vasoconstriction) may contribute to resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability.
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