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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00124 | DOI Listing |
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Astrocytes in Primary Familial Brain Calcification (PFBC): Emphasis on the Importance of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Astrocyte Models.
Adv Exp Med Biol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare, progressive central nervous system (CNS) disorder without a cure, and the current treatment methodologies primarily aim to relieve neurological and psychiatric symptoms of the patients. The disease is characterized by abnormal bilateral calcifications in the brain, however, our mechanistic understanding of the biology of the disease is still limited. Determining the roles of the specific cell types and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological processes of the disease is of great importance for the development of novel and effective treatment methodologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAMPA Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory Function, and Brain Diseases.
Cell Mol Neurobiol
January 2025
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Calle Marqués de Beccaria, 3, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
Tetrameric AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors are primary transducers of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, and their properties and abundance at the synaptic surface are crucial determinants of synaptic efficacy in neuronal communication across the brain. The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) leads to the insertion of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors at the synaptic surface, whereas during long-term depression (LTD), these receptors are internalized into the cytoplasm of the spine. Disruptions in the trafficking of AMPA receptors to and from the synaptic surface attenuate both forms of synaptic plasticity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Psychological aspects in occupational dermatology].
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Sektion Berufsdermatologie, Zentrum Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
The prevalence of psychological disorders in the general population and, therefore, in dermatological and allergological patients continues to increase. Psychodermatology as a branch of dermatology is also becoming ever more relevant in occupational dermatology. Psychological comorbidities and cofactors like depression and anxiety disorders or stress are increasingly important, which must be considered regarding diagnostics and therapy selection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeficiency of orexin receptor type 1 in dopaminergic neurons increases novelty-induced locomotion and exploration.
Elife
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Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany.
Orexin signaling in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra promotes locomotion and reward processing, but it is not clear whether dopaminergic neurons directly mediate these effects. We show that dopaminergic neurons in these areas mainly express orexin receptor subtype 1 (Ox1R). In contrast, only a minor population in the medial ventral tegmental area express orexin receptor subtype 2 (Ox2R).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe multifaceted role of XCL1 in health and disease.
Protein Sci
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Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
The chemokine XC motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1) is an unusually specialized member of a conserved family of around 50 small, secreted proteins that are best known for their ability to stimulate the directional migration of cells. All chemokines adopt a very similar folded structure that binds a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and most chemokines bind extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans, often in a dimeric or oligomeric form. Owing in part to the lack of a disulfide bond that is conserved in all other chemokines, XCL1 interconverts between two distinct structures with distinct functions.
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