AI Article Synopsis
- Since 2005, NIVA has tested five chlorination-based ballast water management systems (BWMSs) under IMO guidelines, revealing that 25% and over 50% of discharge samples caused acute and chronic toxicity to algae, respectively.
- Most of this toxicity was linked to high levels of free residual oxidants (FRO) exceeding 0.08 mg Cl/l.
- While 22 disinfection by-products (DBPs) were identified, only four were found in potentially harmful concentrations, with no clear connection to algal toxicity, although using methylcellulose in tests appeared to reduce DBP formation compared to lignin.
Article Abstract
Since 2005, five different ballast water management systems (BWMSs) based on chlorination treatment have been tested by Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) according to guidelines from the International Maritime Organization (IMO). 25% and >50% of all the tested discharge samples exhibited acute and chronic toxic effects on algae, respectively. In most cases this toxicity was plausibly caused by a high free residual oxidant (FRO) level (>0.08 mg Cl/l). Of the 22 disinfection by-products (DBPs) that were identified in treated water at discharge, four compounds were at times found at concentrations that may pose a risk to the local aquatic environment. However, there seemed to be no clear indication that the measured DBP concentrations contributed to the observed algal toxicity. The addition of methylcellulose instead of lignin in the test water to comply with IMO requirements seemed to limit the formation of DBP.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.014 | DOI Listing |
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