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Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment. | LitMetric

Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment.

BioDrugs

Division of Pharmaceutics, The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, PHR 4.214D, 2409 W. University Ave., 1 University Station #A1920, Austin, TX, 78712-1074, USA.

Published: December 2013

AI Article Synopsis

  • Ebola is a deadly virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates in humans and non-human primates, and currently, there are no safe and effective vaccines or treatments available.
  • Researchers are focusing on various vaccine candidates, including recombinant adenovirus-based vectors, which show promise for both preventing and treating the virus.
  • The FDA has approved clinical trials for two new small-molecule therapies, but they require multiple doses, prompting ongoing efforts to find better vaccination and treatment methods for Ebola.

Article Abstract

Ebola is a highly virulent pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Although safe and effective vaccines or other medicinal agents to block Ebola infection are currently unavailable, a significant effort has been put forth to identify several promising candidates for the treatment and prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Among these, recombinant adenovirus-based vectors have been identified as potent vaccine candidates, with some affording both pre- and post-exposure protection from the virus. Recently, Investigational New Drug (IND) applications have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and phase I clinical trials have been initiated for two small-molecule therapeutics: anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs: AVI-6002, AVI-6003) and lipid nanoparticle/small interfering RNA (LNP/siRNA: TKM-Ebola). These potential alternatives to vector-based vaccines require multiple doses to achieve therapeutic efficacy, which is not ideal with regard to patient compliance and outbreak scenarios. These concerns have fueled a quest for even better vaccination and treatment strategies. Here, we summarize recent advances in vaccines or post-exposure therapeutics for prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The utility of novel pharmaceutical approaches to refine and overcome barriers associated with the most promising therapeutic platforms are also discussed.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833964PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40259-013-0046-1DOI Listing

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