Objectives: Much of adaptive behavior relies on the ability to learn and generate predictions about relationships in the environment. Research on aging suggests both that there is an age deficit in the ability to learn sequential relationships and that this deficit in learning could underlie age differences reported in many decision-making tasks. This article introduces the Triplets Prediction Task (TPT) to investigate the learning of sequential relationships that underlies adaptive behavior.
Method: In the TPT, participants see 2 successive visual cues and then predict which target will follow. Unknown to participants, there is a predictive relationship between the first cue and the target such that each of 4 cues predicts 1 of 4 targets 85% of the time.
Results: Although both age groups demonstrated learning on this task, an age deficit in learning appeared early and performance differences persisted throughout training. There was also evidence of age differences in the learning systems engaged during the task.
Discussion: These results are consistent with previous studies of learning and prediction, and they support the growing literature showing adult age differences in decision making from experience.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt057 | DOI Listing |
J Invasive Cardiol
January 2025
Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Email:
Background: The use of the Ostial Flash balloon (Ostial Corporation) has received limited study in aorto-ostial chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI).
Methods: The authors evaluated the outcomes of Ostial Flash balloon use in a large CTO-PCI registry (PROGRESS-CTO, NCT02061436).
Results: The Ostial Flash balloon was used in 54 of 907 aorto-ostial CTO PCIs in 905 patients (6.
Diabetes
January 2025
Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to the general population. Patients treated with cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic agent, are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes than age- and sex-matched controls. Surprisingly, the impact of cisplatin on pancreatic islets has not been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco.
Importance: Mindfulness meditation may improve well-being among employees; however, effects of digital meditation programs are poorly understood.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of digital meditation vs a waiting list condition on general and work-specific stress and whether greater engagement in the intervention moderates these effects.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial included a volunteer sample of adults (aged ≥18 years) employed at a large academic medical center who reported mild to moderate stress, had regular access to a web-connected device, and were fluent in English.
Curr Osteoporos Rep
January 2025
Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of cell-autonomous innate immune pathways that contribute to bone homeostasis and disease.
Recent Findings: Germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the first line of defense against danger and infections. In the bone microenvironment, PRRs and downstream signaling pathways, that mount immune defense, interface intimately with the core cellular processes in bone cells to alter bone formation and resorption.
Mem Cognit
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Davidson College, 209 Ridge Rd, PO Box 5000, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA.
Collective temporal thought includes individuals' memories of group experiences and expectations about the group's collective future. Prior studies have found inconsistent valence biases (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!