Tolbutamide (1 g/70 kg) was administered as a single intravenous dose to 31 healthy, non-smoking, drug-free males between 23 and 87 years old and the total amounts of hydroxy and carboxytolbutamide excreted in 24 h were measured. There was a significant decrease in the urinary recovery of both metabolites with age. The reason for these findings is not known at the present time and may be associated with the decrease in creatinine clearance observed in these subjects or other changes in the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide which are currently being investigated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336696 | DOI Listing |
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
June 2023
Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
As the prevalence of diabetes rises, the use of antidiabetic drugs becomes more frequent. Thus, focusing on the effects of these drugs on water-sodium balance and electrolyte regulation is necessary. This review discusses the effects and the mechanisms behind them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacol Drug Dev
July 2023
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
The drug interaction potential of enarodustat (doses: 25, 50 mg) on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 was evaluated after once-daily administration for 15 days in a phase 1 multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy subjects. Probe substrates specific for the enzymes, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
May 2022
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Pharmacokinetic characterization plays a vital role in drug discovery and development. Although involving numerous laboratory animals with error-prone, labor-intensive, and time-consuming procedures, pharmacokinetic profiling is still irreplaceable in preclinical studies. With physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, the profiles of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion can be predicted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTolbutamide is an oral anti-hyperglycaemic agent used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with species-dependent metabolic profiles. In this study, we investigated tolbutamide metabolism in chimeric TK-NOG mice transplanted with human hepatocytes (humanised-liver mice).Substantial 4-hydroxytolbutamide and 4-carboxytolbutamide production was observed in hepatocytes from humanised-liver mice (Hu-Liver cells) and humans, whereas 4-carboxytolbutamide production was not detected in mouse hepatocytes.
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