We present formal specification and verification of a robot moving in a complex network, using temporal sequence learning to avoid obstacles. Our aim is to demonstrate the benefit of using a formal approach to analyze such a system as a complementary approach to simulation. We first describe a classical closed-loop simulation of the system and compare this approach to one in which the system is analyzed using formal verification. We show that the formal verification has some advantages over classical simulation and finds deficiencies our classical simulation did not identify. Specifically we present a formal specification of the system, defined in the Promela modeling language and show how the associated model is verified using the Spin model checker. We then introduce an abstract model that is suitable for verifying the same properties for any environment with obstacles under a given set of assumptions. We outline how we can prove that our abstraction is sound: any property that holds for the abstracted model will hold in the original (unabstracted) model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/NECO_a_00493 | DOI Listing |
Background: An important aspect of value-based health care is providing care in an integrated practice unit (IPU). In an IPU, the full cycle of care for a specific medical condition is delivered through collaboration among professionals with diverse functional backgrounds. Although the proposed functioning of an IPU in the literature on value-based health care is based on assumptions about leadership, the role of leadership in the context of IPUs is overlooked in empirical studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObstet Gynecol Clin North Am
March 2025
Center for Fetal Medicine and Women's Ultrasound, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Several parents globally face stillbirth, which takes a toll on their mental health and well-being. We would like to discuss the differences between grief and mental health and ways care must be tailored toward the specific needs of the bereaved. Recent research shows that there is a sense of personal responsibility that accompanies stillbirth and pregnancy loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJACC Clin Electrophysiol
January 2025
Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address:
Background: In patients with structurally normal hearts, algorithms using surface electrocardiographic P-wave morphology are helpful to predict focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) location. However, these algorithms have not been formally assessed in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD).
Objectives: This study sought to assess the efficacy of FAT-location prediction algorithms in an adult population of patients with ACHD.
BMJ Open
January 2025
Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal - Durban Campus, Durban, KZN, South Africa
Introduction/objective: Previous research on socioeconomic factors influencing health outcomes has often centred on the urban-rural divide, overlooking the nuanced variations within these categories. This study enhances our understanding by moving beyond traditional comparisons to examine the specific impacts of multiple deprivations on self-rated health across traditional authority areas, rural formal areas, urban informal areas and urban formal areas. By doing so, it captures the unique challenges and health implications associated with varying deprivation levels within these diverse contexts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
January 2025
ICAR, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
Quantum computing is a branch of computer science derived from the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, such as state superposition, multi-value logic and destructive measure. An open challenge in itself is to re-think in quantum terms classic problems and solving techniques. Another nature-inspired field is the development of swarm-based robotic applications, where the challenge is catching the fundamental laws governing swarm dynamics, such as pattern formation and target reaching.
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