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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.12185 | DOI Listing |
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Neurocardiology: Major mechanisms and effects.
J Electrocardiol
January 2025
Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America.
Neurocardiology is a broad interdisciplinary specialty investigating how the cardiovascular and nervous systems interact. In this brief introductory review, we describe several key aspects of this interaction with specific attention to cardiovascular effects. The review introduces basic anatomy and discusses physiological mechanisms and effects that play crucial roles in the interaction of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, namely: the cardiac neuraxis, the taxonomy of the nervous system, integration of sensory input in the brainstem, influences of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on heart and vasculature, the neural pathways and functioning of the arterial baroreflex, receptors and ANS effects in the walls of blood vessels, receptors and ANS effects in excitable cells in the heart, ANS effects on heart rate and sympathovagal balance, endo-epicardial inhomogeneity, ANS effects with a balanced vagal and sympathetic stimulation, sympathovagal interaction, arterial baroreflex, baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability, arrhythmias and the arterial baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary baroreflex, the exercise pressor reflex, exercise-recovery hysteresis, mental stress, cardiac-cardiac reflexes, the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR), and neuromodulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBilateral tDCS over the DLPFC enhances baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and inhibits blood pressure-related hypoalgesia.
Clin Neurophysiol
January 2025
University of Jaén, Department of Psychology, Spain.
Objective: This study investigated the impact of transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) on pain perception, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and blood pressure (BP)-related hypoalgesia.
Method: Fifty-eight healthy participants were randomized to receive 1) bi-hemispheric tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at 2 mA for 20 min, or 2) non-stimulation (Sham). Pain measures (threshold, tolerance, intensity and unpleasantness), emotional state (anxiety and mood), continuous BP, and electrocardiogram (ECG) data were recorded before, during, and after stimulation.
Baroreflex activation therapy through electrical carotid sinus stimulation.
Auton Neurosci
December 2024
Department for Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ev. Krankenhaus Köln-Weyertal, Cologne, Germany.
An imbalance between cardiovascular parasympathetic and sympathetic activity towards sympathetic predominance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant arterial hypertension and heart failure. Arterial baroreceptors control efferent cardiovascular autonomic activity and have, therefore, been recognized as potential treatment targets. Baroreflex activation therapy through electrical carotid sinus stimulation is a device-based approach to modulate cardiovascular autonomic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutonomic control of the pulmonary circulation: Implications for pulmonary hypertension.
Exp Physiol
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
The autonomic regulation of the pulmonary vasculature has been under-appreciated despite the presence of sympathetic and parasympathetic neural innervation and adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on pulmonary vessels. Recent clinical trials targeting this innervation have demonstrated promising effects in pulmonary hypertension, and in this context of reignited interest, we review autonomic pulmonary vascular regulation, its integration with other pulmonary vascular regulatory mechanisms, systemic homeostatic reflexes and their clinical relevance in pulmonary hypertension. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can affect pulmonary vascular tone and pulmonary vascular stiffness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute right-sided transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation improves cardio-vagal baroreflex gain in patients with chronic heart failure.
Clin Auton Res
October 2024
Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33 (56127), Pisa, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effects of short-term transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on heart function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
- 16 adults participated in the research, undergoing two trials of tVNS on different sides, with no significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiratory rate observed.
- The results showed that right-sided tVNS significantly improved cardio-vagal baroreflex gain, indicating potential benefits for CHF patients, while left-sided tVNS had no noticeable effect.
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