[Signaling mechanism of cardioprotective effects of opioids].

It has been established that G(i/o)-proteins are an intermediate link that provides intracellular signaling between opioid receptors and protein kinases. Our investigations have shown that protein kinase C is involved in realization of the anti-necrotic and anti-apoptotic effects of opioids. PI3 and Akt kinases are involved in the cardioprotective effect of opioids. MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Src and JAK2 kinases play an important role in the cardioprotective effect of opioids. Further study of the participation of JNK, p70s6K and GRK2 in the opioid-induced increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion is required. NO-synthase plays an important role in the cardioprotective action of opioids. Transactivation of opioid and adenosine receptors is an important element in the development of cardiac tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion. Opioid transactivation of EGF receptor is a connecting link between opioid receptors and ERK1/2 and PI3 kinase cascades.