Smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: We assessed the association between smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and estimated the magnitude of the association with meta-analysis.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and SciVerse databases were searched through December 2012. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis.

Results: Cross-sectional studies reported an association between current smoking and CTS (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-2.60, I-squared = 0%). Meta-analyses of case-control studies did not, however, show an association between smoking and CTS (pooled OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.95-1.12, I-squared = 0.0%) or surgery due to CTS (pooled OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.82-1.15, I-squared = 0%). Moreover, smoking was not associated with CTS in the meta-analysis of cohort studies (pooled OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.45-1.50, I-squared = 0%).

Conclusions: We found an association between smoking and CTS in cross-sectional studies. This association should be explored further in appropriately designed case-control and cohort studies. Muscle Nerve 49:345-350, 2014.