Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Holder pasteurization and frozen storage at -20°C after pasteurization on fat, total nitrogen, lactose, and energy content of breast milk. Both procedures are routinely practiced in human milk banks.
Methods: A total of 34 samples of frozen breast milk, donated by 28 women, were collected. Once thawed, an aliquot of each sample was analyzed before pasteurization; the remaining milk was pasteurized (Holder method) and split into 8 aliquots. One aliquot was analyzed after pasteurization and the remainder frozen at -20°C and analyzed 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days later. For every aliquot, fat, total nitrogen, lactose, and energy content were determined using the device human Milk Analyzer.
Results: We observed a significant reduction in fat (3.5%; -0.17 (-0.29; -0.04) g/dL) and energy content (2.8%; -2.03 (-3.60; -0.46) g/dL) after pasteurization. A significant decrease over time was observed for fat, lactose and energy content. No significant changes were observed for nitrogen content. Mean differences between day 0 postpasteurization and day 180 were -0.13 (-0.21; -0.06) g/dL for fat, -0.08 (-0.13; -0.03) g/dL for lactose, and -1.55 (-2.38; -0.71) kcal/dL for energy content. The relative decreases were 2.8%, 1.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. Overall (postpasteurization + frozen storage), a 6.2% and 5% decrease were observed for fat and energy, respectively.
Conclusions: Holder pasteurization decreased fat and energy content of human milk. Frozen storage at -20°C of pasteurized milk significantly reduced fat, lactose, and energy content of human milk.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31829d4f82 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
For the purpose of this study, four natural rock samples-namely, diorite, granodiorite, tonalite, and granite-are being investigated about their radiation attenuation. The elemental composition of the rocks was obtained through Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) which examines the microstructural and localized area elemental analyses of the four rock samples. A Monte Carlo simulation (MCNP) was used to determine and evaluate the investigated samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nanobiotechnology
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Selenium promotes plant growth and improves nutritional quality, and the role of nano-selenium in alfalfa in regulating nutritional quality is unknown. In this study, using the N labeling method, it was found that nano-selenium could promote plant nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis by increasing the light energy capture capacity and the activities of key enzymes of the nitrogen metabolism process, leading to an increase in alfalfa nitrogen accumulation and dry matter content. The transcriptome and metabolome revealed that nano-selenium mainly affected the pathways of 'biosynthesis of amino acids', 'starch and sucrose metabolism', 'pentose and glucuronate interconversions', 'pentose phosphate pathway', and 'flavonoid biosynthesis'.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Sci Biotechnol
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Background: The diverse types and processing methods of grains intricately influence the sites and digestibility of starch digestion, thereby impacting energy utilization. This study aimed to explore the impact of grain variety and processing methods on the net energy (NE) in dairy goats, analyzing these effects at the level of nutrient digestion and metabolism.
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BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Background: The reformulation of commonly consumed foods towards less sugar, fat, and salt is an important public health strategy to improve food choices of consumers and thus address the high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Front-of-pack nutrition labels like the Nutri-Score may drive reformulation and support nutritionally favourable food choices. Breakfast cereals are of special interest in that they tend to be high in sugar and are relatively often targeted at children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract
January 2025
Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1130 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849-5517, USA.
Laser usage in veterinary dermatology has increased in popularity over the last several decades. Carbon dioxide (CO) laser is the leading modality in surgical laser for veterinary dermatology because of its unmatched performance with soft tissue, particularly the skin. This laser cuts and coagulates tissue via the photothermal effect of laser energy when interacting with soft tissues with high water content, such as skin.
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