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Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has multiple functions in metabolism and immunoregulation. Its common germline variants APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4 give rise to three functionally distinct gene products. Previous studies reported yin-yang roles of APOE2 and APOE4 in immunological processes, but their effects in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have never been studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDefining the Cost of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Multicenter, Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing and Cost Optimization Investigation.
J Bone Joint Surg Am
November 2024
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Shoulder Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Background: Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a frequently performed outpatient orthopaedic surgery, with substantial financial implications for health-care systems. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is a method for nuanced cost analysis and is a valuable tool for strategic health-care decision-making. The aim of this study was to apply the TDABC methodology to RCR procedures to identify specific avenues to optimize cost-efficiency within the health-care system in 2 critical areas: (1) the reduction of variability in the episode duration, and (2) the standardization of suture anchor acquisition costs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBarcoded SARS-CoV-2 viruses define the impact of duration and route of exposure on the transmission bottleneck in a hamster model.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
The transmission bottleneck, defined as the number of viruses shed from one host to infect another, is an important determinant of the rate of virus evolution and the level of immunity required to protect against virus transmission. Despite its importance, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission bottleneck remains poorly characterized. We adapted a SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics system to generate a pool of >200 isogenic SARS-CoV-2 viruses harboring specific 6-nucleotide barcodes, infected donor hamsters with this pool, and exposed contact hamsters to paired infected donors, varying the duration and route of exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhaled xenon modulates microglia and ameliorates disease in mouse models of amyloidosis and tauopathy.
Sci Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Antiamyloid antibody treatments modestly slow disease progression in mild dementia due to AD. Emerging evidence shows that homeostatic dysregulation of the brain immune system, especially that orchestrated by microglia, plays an important role in disease onset and progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Social Determinants of Health on Health Care Utilization in Pediatric Appendicitis.
Hosp Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York.
Background/objectives: Limited data exist on the role neighborhood-level social determinants of health (SDOH) play in health care utilization in pediatric patients with common, nonelective surgical conditions. We aimed to test the hypothesis that lower neighborhood-level SDOH are associated with increased health care utilization in pediatric acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients aged younger than 19 years, hospitalized through emergency departments, and diagnosed with AUA.
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