Edible bird's nest contains lots of glycoproteins. The glycosylation inhomogeneity for glycoprotein often results in wide range of molecular weight and the difficulty for protein separation and charaterization. In this paper, proteins in the edible bird's nest were extracted using multiple extractions, and then digested by PNgase F and trypsin. The digest mixture was separated with HPLC, and peptides were identified based on MS/MS data searching. The results indicated that the extracted proteins were amount to 79.7% of total protein in the edible bird's nest. More than 20 species of peptides in the digested mixture were identified. The sequences of these peptides showed similarity with some proteins from Swiss-prot. The research indicated that deglycosylation, tryptic digestion coupled with HPLC-MS/MS is a proper strategy for characterization of proteins in the edible bird's nest.
Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address:
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a functional food renowned for its numerous health benefits. While its nutritional and therapeutic value is well-documented, the metabolites contributing to the bioactivities of EBN remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the metabolites present in EBN subjected to different treatments, including double-boiled EBN (EBN), EBN hydrolysate (EBN), EBN fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus (EBN), Latilactobacillus curvatus (EBN), and Latilactobacillus sakei (EBN) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and correlate the identified bioactive metabolites with the bioactivities of EBN.
The hybrid edible grass (L. × A. LOS) offers a high protein source (30-40%) that may help reduce costs in broiler production when incorporated into diets as edible grass leaf powder (EGLP).
In a study with 300 Arbor Acres broilers, they were divided into groups fed varying percentages of EGLP (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) to replace part of their maize and soybean meal diet for 42 days, split into brooding and finishing phases.
Results indicated that 3% and 6% EGLP significantly improved average daily gain and feed intake during the brooding phase, while 6% EGLP reduced feed conversion ratio and enhanced antioxidant capacity,
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi species belonging to the genera spp. and spp. The proliferation of OTA-producing fungal species may occur due to inadequate practices during both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages of feed.
Ecosystems are frequently considered to be controlled by predation (top-down). Experiments examined this in four bird/spider/grasshopper/prairie habitats over 34 years, employing in each habitat three 100 m bird exclosures and controls (121 habitat/year cases) where plant, grasshopper, and spider abundances were measured. Top-down control (plants decrease and grasshoppers increase with bird exclusion) was observed in only 13.
* Edible bird's nest (EBN), which is swiftlet saliva consumed for health benefits, shows anti-avian viral properties, particularly by inhibiting the receptor-binding hemagglutinin (HA) activity after pancreatin treatment.
* EBN, rich in specific glycan structures, effectively enhances the action of antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, suggesting its potential as a food-derived solution to combat avian viruses and reduce the risk of pandemics.
