LV Prasad Eye Institute Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (LVPEI- GLEAMS). Report 1: study design and research methodology.

Purpose: In the developing world, more than 90% of glaucoma is undetected due to the lack of appropriate screening methods. The LV Prasad Eye Institute Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (LVPEI-GLEAMS) is a population-based study which aims to estimate the prevalence of, along with clinical, systemic and genetic risk factors for glaucoma in a rural population sampled from the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The study aims to develop community screening strategies to diagnose glaucoma. This article describes the methodology adopted in LVPEI-GLEAMS.

Methods: A sample of 3833 participants aged 40 years and older has been estimated to be enrolled using a compact segment sampling method with probability proportionate to size. Each participant will undergo a complete medical history and comprehensive eye examination including slit lamp photography, imaging of anterior and posterior segment, frequency doubling technology and standard automated perimetry. Additionally, glycosylated hemoglobin will be measured and a genetic profile based on candidate gene analysis will be undertaken. Clinical, biochemical and genetic data will be stored in a computerized database and analyzed. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it is conducted at a vision center (primary eye care center serving a population of 50,000) by a vision technician (high school educated rural youth trained in basic ophthalmic techniques for a year).

Conclusion: Information from the diagnostic techniques of the study will be used to develop effective community-level screening strategies, and insights from risk factors associated with glaucoma will help develop appropriate detection and management strategies.