Costs of second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Background: A second allogeneic transplantation after a prior allogeneic (allo-allo) or autologous (auto-allo) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is usually performed for graft failure, disease recurrence, secondary malignancy, and, as planned, auto-allo transplantation for some diseases.

Methods: We sought to describe the costs of second allogeneic HCT and evaluate their relationship with patient characteristics and posttransplantation complications. Clinical information and medical costs for the first 100 days after transplantation of 245 patients (allo-allo, 55; auto-allo, 190) who underwent a second HCT between 2004 and 2010 were collected.

Results: Median costs of the second allogeneic HCT were U.S. $151,000 (range, U.S. $62,000-405,000) for the allo-allo group and U.S. $109,000 (range, U.S. $26,000-490,000) for the auto-allo group. Median length of hospital stay was 23 days (range, 0-76) for the allo-allo group and 9 days (range, 0-96) for the auto-allo group. Only the year of transplantation and posttransplantation complications were significantly associated with costs in both groups when both pre- and posttransplantation variables were considered. The overall costs of the second HCT were higher than the first in the allo-allo group. For the auto-allo group, there was no difference between the costs whether preformed as a planned tandem or as salvage for relapse.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that second allogeneic HCT is costly, particularly if it follows a prior allogeneic transplantation, and is driven by the costs of complications.