We consider the rotational motion of an elongated nanoscale object in a fluid under an external torque. The experimentally observed dynamics could be understood from analytical solutions of the Stokes equation, with explicit formulae derived for the dynamical states as a function of the object dimensions and the parameters defining the external torque. Under certain conditions, multiple analytical solutions to the Stokes equations exist, which have been investigated through numerical analysis of their stability against small perturbations and their sensitivity towards initial conditions. These experimental results and analytical formulae are general enough to be applicable to the rotational motion of any isolated elongated object at low Reynolds numbers, and could be useful in the design of non-spherical nanostructures for diverse applications pertaining to microfluidics and nanoscale propulsion technologies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp50701g | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
School of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China.
This study presents a strategy for an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking system that employs an adaptive robust non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (ARNFTSMC) approach to address the challenges of uncertain nonlinear dynamics. Initially, a path tracking error system based on mapping error is established, along with a speed tracking error system. Subsequently, a novel ARNFTSMC strategy is introduced to tackle the uncertainties and external perturbations encountered during actual vehicle operation.
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December 2024
School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
To achieve high-performance trajectory tracking for a manipulator, this study proposes a novel sliding mode control strategy incorporating a nonlinear disturbance observer. The observer is designed to estimate unknown models in real-time, enabling feedforward compensation for various uncertainties such as modeling errors, joint friction, and external torque disturbances. The control law is formulated by integrating the Backstepping method, Lyapunov theory, and global fast terminal sliding mode theory, ensuring global convergence to zero within finite time and enhancing system robustness.
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December 2024
School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Background: The last phases of a competitive game are when shoulder injuries most commonly happen, and fatigue is thought to be a major contributing factor, perhaps because of reduced proprioception and motor control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concentric fatigue on proprioception, motor control, and performance of the upper limb in handball players.
Methods: Forty-six right-handed handball players (all males, age 26.
Nanoscale Horiz
December 2024
Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
Antiferromagnetic materials have several unique properties, such as a vanishingly small net magnetization, which generates weak dipolar fields and makes them robust against perturbation from external magnetic fields and rapid magnetization dynamics, as dictated by the geometric mean of their exchange and anisotropy energies. However, experimental and theoretical techniques to detect and manipulate the antiferromagnetic order in a fully electrical manner must be developed to enable advanced spintronic devices with antiferromagnets as their active spin-dependent elements. Among the various antiferromagnetic materials, conducting antiferromagnets offer high electrical and thermal conductivities and strong electron-spin-phonon interactions.
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December 2024
Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address:
This paper presents the design of a disturbance rejection-based control strategy for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances described by turbulent wind gusts of severe intensity. First, an extended state observer is introduced to supply full-state and total disturbance estimations within a fixed time regardless of initial estimation errors. Then, an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode controller with a single-gain structure is proposed to reduce the tuning complexity and drive the pose of the rotorcraft while providing practical finite-time convergence, robustness to bounded external disturbances, non-overestimation of its control gain, and chattering attenuation.
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