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More than a decade of research on Schmallenberg virus-Knowns and unknowns.
Adv Virus Res
October 2024
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- - Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in 2011 near the Dutch-German border, causing significant reproductive issues in livestock, like abortions and malformed offspring.
- - Intensive research has led to advancements in diagnostic tests, identification of vector species, and development of potential vaccines, enhancing understanding of SBV's biology and pathogenesis.
- - Despite these advancements, key knowledge gaps still exist regarding transmission rates and factors influencing the competence of Culicoides midges as vectors, indicating ongoing research is needed.
Modelling the Influence of Climate and Vector Control Interventions on Arbovirus Transmission.
Viruses
July 2024
The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematics Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Most mathematical models that assess the vectorial capacity of disease-transmitting insects typically focus on the influence of climatic factors to predict variations across different times and locations, or examine the impact of vector control interventions to forecast their potential effectiveness. We combine features of existing models to develop a novel model for vectorial capacity that considers both climate and vector control. This model considers how vector control tools affect vectors at each stage of their feeding cycle, and incorporates host availability and preference.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVarroa destructor shapes the unique viral landscapes of the honey bee populations of the Azores archipelago.
PLoS Pathog
July 2024
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal.
The worldwide dispersal of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor from its Asian origins has fundamentally transformed the relationship of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) with several of its viruses, via changes in transmission and/or host immunosuppression. The extent to which honey bee-virus relationships change after Varroa invasion is poorly understood for most viruses, in part because there are few places in the world with several geographically close but completely isolated honey bee populations that either have, or have not, been exposed long-term to Varroa, allowing for separate ecological, epidemiological, and adaptive relationships to develop between honey bees and their viruses, in relation to the mite's presence or absence. The Azores is one such place, as it contains islands with and without the mite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of a natural 'dead-end' variant of Schmallenberg virus.
J Gen Virol
June 2024
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a virus transmitted by biting midges that can cause severe birth defects in naïve ruminants during critical gestation periods.
- Analysis of a specific SBV strain from a malformed fetus revealed significant genetic mutations and a replication deficiency in certain cell types, suggesting these mutations affect the virus's ability to thrive in its insect hosts.
- The study found a key mutation (S111N) linked to malformed fetuses but absent in healthy viremic animals, indicating that these variants may not contribute to the virus's natural transmission cycle.
Pigs in southern Italy are exposed to three ruminant pathogens: an analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors analysis study.
BMC Vet Res
May 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
Background: Pigs are susceptible to several ruminant pathogens, including Coxiella burnetti, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). These pathogens have already been described in the pig population, although the dynamics of the infection and the impact on pig farms are currently unclear. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of these infections in the pig population of the Campania region, southern Italy, and to evaluate the risk factors associated with a greater risk of exposure.
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