The rotometer described here consists of a data acquisition system made of several reed relays which are activated by a small moving magnet when the animal performs rotations. The apparatus has an angular discrimination which is dependent on the number of reed relays used. A simple interface is used to normalize the pulses produced when the reed relay contacts are closed. This normalized output closes key contacts in the keyboard of a microcomputer resulting in ASCII strings. A simple BASIC program is used for computation of various turn fractions. The program also calculates the total number of movements over time, allowing the assessment of activity vs. time.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(90)90172-c | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Reliability in Electrical Apparatus and Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
In a sealed electromagnetic relay, the change in the surface roughness mainly depends on the collision wear between the contact and the moving reed and the ablation effect of the arc on the contact surface based on the strong correlation between the contact resistance and the surface roughness of the Ag-Mg-Ni contact. With a change in contact resistance, the contact temperature increase in a hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay (HSER) is greatly affected. Under extreme overload conditions, the contact surface is severely ablated by the arc, and the roughness increases rapidly with the number of cycles, which greatly affects the contact resistance of the contact surface and the reliability of the relay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
January 2024
School of Mathematical Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland.
We study the dynamics of a piecewise-linear second-order delay differential equation that is representative of feedback systems with relays (switches) that actuate after a fixed delay. The system under study exhibits strong multirhythmicity, the coexistence of many stable periodic solutions for the same values of the parameters. We present a detailed study of these periodic solutions and their bifurcations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Psychiatry
December 2023
Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
Childhood trauma is a known risk factor for trauma and stress-related disorders in adulthood. However, limited research has investigated the impact of childhood trauma on brain structure linked to later posttraumatic dysfunction. We investigated the effect of childhood trauma on white matter microstructure after recent trauma and its relationship with future posttraumatic dysfunction among trauma-exposed adult participants (n = 202) recruited from emergency departments as part of the AURORA Study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
March 2023
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.
Neurons in the early stages of processing sensory information suffer transneuronal atrophy when deprived of their activating inputs. For over 40 y, members of our laboratory have studied the reorganization of the somatosensory cortex during and after recovering from different types of sensory loss. Here, we took advantage of the preserved histological material from these studies of the cortical effects of sensory loss to evaluate the histological consequences in the cuneate nucleus of the lower brainstem and the adjoining spinal cord.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
August 2022
School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa.
We present a well-known generalized Reed-Solomon (GRS) code incorporated with space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM) for wireless networks, which is capable of enjoying coded cooperation between the source and the relay. In the proposed distributed GRS-coded STBC-SM (DGRSC-STBC-SM) scheme, the source and relay nodes use distinct GRS codes. At the relay, we employ the concept of information selection to choose the message symbols from the source for further encoding.
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