Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, patients have few effective therapeutic options and survival rates remain low. Emerging evidence suggests that the hormones estrogen and progesterone play a key role in the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for a key step in estrogen biosynthesis, elicits higher levels of estrogen in lung tumors as well as in metastases compared with nonmalignant tissues. Thus, aromatase may prove to be a key predictive biomarker for treatment of NSCLC. Epidemiologic and preclinical data show estrogens play a critical role in lung tumor development and progression. Two estrogen receptors, α and β, are expressed in normal and in cancerous lung epithelium, and estrogen promotes gene transcription that stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits cell death. Furthermore, expression of both forms of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and aromatase in NSCLC specimens has been correlated with worse clinical outcomes. Combination therapies that include estrogen receptor downregulators and aromatase inhibitors are currently being assessed in Phase I-II clinical trials among patients with advanced NSCLC. Results will help guide future lung cancer management decisions, with a goal of achieving more effective and less toxic treatments for patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/lmt.12.44 | DOI Listing |
J Med Internet Res
January 2025
Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetastasis stands as one of the most prominent prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. Over 70% of metastatic osteosarcoma occurrences affect the lung. Nonetheless, to date, there has been a scarcity of research addressing predictive factors for lung metastasis risk in osteosarcoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Proteome Res
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The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo315010, P.R. China.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Herein, a multiomics method, which combined proteomic and N-glycoproteomic analyses, was developed to analyze the normal and cancerous bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) from six LUAD patients to identify potential biomarkers of LUAD. The data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis was first used to analyze BALFs, which identified 59 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs).
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Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH44195, USA.
This study determined the characteristics of patients with early-stage melanoma (IA-IIA) who later had stage IV recurrence. We retrospectively examined 880 melanoma patients and identified those who progressed to stage IV disease from an initial early-stage (n = 50). We observed a median latent period of 4 years between early-stage diagnosis and metastatic disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Qual Health Care
January 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Road, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan.
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