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Drug resistance and possible therapeutic options against influenza A virus infection over past years.
Arch Microbiol
November 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Influenza A virus infection, commonly known as the flu, has persisted in the community for centuries. Although we have yearly vaccinations to prevent seasonal flu, there remains a dire need for antiviral drugs to treat active infections. The constantly evolving genome of the influenza A virus limits the number of effective antiviral therapeutic options.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevolutionizing Influenza Treatment: A Deep Dive into Targeted Drug Delivery Systems.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol
October 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata -700126.
Influenza, a highly transmissible respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses A and B, poses a persistent threat to global public health due to its high mutation rate, ability to develop resistance to existing antiviral drugs, and capacity for rapid spread. Current treatment options, including four main classes of antiviral agents-adamantanes, neuraminidase inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, and polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitors- are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, non-specific drug distribution, and adverse side effects. Moreover, the effectiveness of traditional vaccines is often compromised by antigenic drift and shift, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic and molecular characterization of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China.
Poult Sci
September 2024
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China. Electronic address:
The H9N2 subtype of the avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely prevalent in birds, threatening the poultry industry and providing genetic material for emerging human pathogens. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of H9N2 in Yunnan Province, China, are largely unknown. Samples were collected from live poultry markets (LPMs) and breeding farms in Yunnan Province.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiviral susceptibility of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from birds and mammals in the United States, 2022.
Antiviral Res
September 2023
Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have shown potential drug resistance, with about 0.8% of analyzed strains exhibiting markers for resistance to FDA-approved antivirals, indicating a possible public health threat.
- Testing revealed that most of these viruses remain susceptible to existing antivirals, particularly favoring investigational options like AV5080 over conventional treatments.
- Continued surveillance of these viruses is crucial for understanding their evolution and refining strategies for antiviral stockpiling to mitigate potential health risks.
Low prevalence of influenza A strains with resistance markers in Brazil during 2017-2019 seasons.
Front Public Health
October 2022
Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- - The influenza A virus (IAV) poses a significant public health risk, causing yearly outbreaks and has the potential for pandemics, with neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) being the primary treatment but new drugs like baloxavir marboxil (BXM) are emerging.
- - A study evaluated the antiviral resistance of Brazilian IAV strains from 2017 to 2019, identifying specific mutations associated with reduced drug effectiveness, but finding generally low resistance levels in analyzed strains.
- - Results showed that the majority of Brazilian IAV isolates maintain a normal susceptibility to the most common NAI, oseltamivir (OST), and highlighted the importance of ongoing surveillance for resistance.
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