To control carbonate scale formation on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane surfaces, it is common practice to add acid as a pre-treatment chemical. However, advancements in the formulation of proprietary scale inhibitors have resulted in a re-evaluation of the need to suppress the pH of RO feedwater. In this study, a 3-step approach was taken to eliminate sulfuric acid pre-treatment at a 4.5 MGD (17,000 m(3)/day) brackish water RO plant operating for over 7 years without previous membrane replacement. The 3-Step approach adopted in this study to evaluate and eliminate use of acid in pre-treatment process involved first pilot testing the plan to reduce the dependence on acid. Secondly, implementing the plan on the full-scale system with conservative pH increments and thirdly continuously screening for scale formation potential using a "canary" monitoring device. This 3-step approach resulted in the successful elimination of sulfuric acid pre-treatment at the brackish water RO plant, with an estimated $105,000 minimum annual cost savings.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.03.038 | DOI Listing |
Toxicon
January 2025
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China. Electronic address:
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that severely contaminates agri-food products can cause hepatotoxicity. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, and the liver is an important organ for iron accumulation. 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has anti-ferroptosis and hepatoprotective effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychoneuroendocrinology
January 2025
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Rice plants are important food crops that are sensitive to cold stress. Microtubules (MTs) are highly associated with plant response to cold stress. The exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) can transiently induce the cold stability of microtubules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
The lily is a globally popular cut flower, and managing dormancy in lily bulblets is essential for continuous, year-round production. While nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to influence seed dormancy and germination, its role in dormancy release in lilies was previously unconfirmed. In this study, we investigated the effects of NO on dormancy release in lily bulblets using SNP and c-PTIO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Research Institute of Wood Industry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address:
Agarwood essential oil is prized for its elegant aroma and pharmacological properties; however, the traditional hydrodistillation method suffers from inefficiencies, constraining the industrial potential of agarwood. We proposed an ultrasonic-assisted laccase synergistic pretreatment technique that enhanced extraction throughput by 70.90 % compared to the traditional method by facilitating pore formation in agarwood and expediting the release of essential oil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!