Brachyspira species have been implicated as a potential cause of gastroenteritis in humans; this is, however, controversial. In 733 gastroenteritis cases and 464 controls, we found 29 samples positive for Brachyspira species (2.3% of cases and 2.6% of controls; P = 0.77). Brachyspira species were not associated with gastroenteritis in humans.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697658PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01069-13DOI Listing

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