A type of low-pass filter devices for soft x rays is investigated by using a microchannel plate (MCP) of small channels with square cross section. The measured transmission spectra on the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility showed that the MCP has excellent bandpass effects below 1.5 keV by grazing incidence and internal multireflections. Combined with filters, the MCP energy bandwidth can be narrowed to 100 eV. In contrast to bandpass made of planar mirrors, the MCP has a much smaller size and better bandpass effects, and can be easily extended to high energy ranges. For low-resolution spectrometer applications of soft x rays, this method allows the monochromator to be replaced by a simple MCP filter and therefore significantly reduces alignment complexity in experiments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.001509 | DOI Listing |
Nat Nanotechnol
January 2025
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
The pervasive model for a solvated, ion-filled nanopore is often a resistor in parallel with a capacitor. For conical nanopore geometries, here we propose the inclusion of a Warburg-like element, which is necessary to explain otherwise anomalous observations such as negative capacitance and low-pass filtering of translocation events (we term this phenomenon as Warburg filtering). The negative capacitance observed here has long equilibration times and memory (that is, mem-capacitance) at negative voltages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China.
Prescribed performance technology is a promising methodology that has received wide attention in control communities owing to its quantitative description for the steady-state and transient performance of control systems in recent years. Simplifying controller design, reducing system regulation time and preventing system divergence can all be achieved through the improved transient performance of parameter estimation. Unfortunately, in system identification communities, few papers on the transient performance of parameter identification are published because of difficulties in designing the error variable reflecting this performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: "Single Model initial-condition Large Ensembles" (SMILEs) conducted with Earth system models have transformed our ability to quantify internal climate variability and forced climate change at local and regional scales. An important consideration in their experimental design is the choice of initialization procedure as this influences the duration of initial-condition memory, with implications for interpreting the temporal evolution of both the ensemble-mean and ensemble-spread. Here we leverage the strategic design of the 100-member Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) SMILE to investigate the dependence of ensemble spread on the method of initialization (micro- vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrogynecology (Phila)
December 2024
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
Importance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive technique used to quantify prefrontal cortex (PFC) neuroexcitation. The PFC is involved in the decision to void, and dysfunction in the region has been associated with overactive bladder (OAB). This study demonstrates neuroexcitation differences in the brain region associated with the decision to void (prefrontal cortex) using noninvasive fNIRS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
November 2024
College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
In this paper, a novel topology and method for designing a multi-band rectenna is proposed to improve its RF-DC efficiency. The rectifier achieves simultaneous rectification using both series and parallel configurations by connecting two branches to the respective terminals of the diode, directing the energy input from two ports to the anode and cathode of the diode. Six desired operating frequency bands are evenly distributed across these two branches, each of which is connected to antennas corresponding to their specific operating frequencies, serving as the receiving end of the system.
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