The cetacean flipper consists of a soft tissue that encases most of the forelimb containing humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. Several studies have documented the typical cetacean's flipper anatomy, but only a few described digital anomalies and the most common are fusions and supernumerary such as polydactily and polyphalangy. The flippers of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis have a falciform general aspect showing individual differences and marks produced by individual contact in social interactions that mainly occur on the posterior border. Here, we report for the first time a case of flippers with anatomical anomalies of loss of digits and deviation of radius of an adult S. guianensis from Baía de Sepetiba (22°54'-23°04', 43°36'-44°02'W), Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil.
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BMC Genomics
November 2024
Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Evolução, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
Background: Echolocation was a key development in toothed whale evolution, enabling their adaptation and diversification across various environments. Previous bioacoustic and morphological studies suggest that environmental pressures have influenced the evolution of echolocation in toothed whales. This hypothesis demands further investigation, especially regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive radiation of toothed whales across multiple habitats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Q
December 2024
Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are small double-stranded DNA viruses able to infect species across all vertebrate taxa. In cetaceans, PyVs have been reported only in short-beaked common dolphin (), common bottlenose dolphin () and killer whale (). Herein, we surveyed PyV in 119 cetaceans (29 mysticetes and 90 odontocetes) stranded along the Brazilian coast, from 2002 to 2022, comprising 18 species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroinformatics
October 2024
Laboratório de Biologia Teórica e Matemática Experimental (MetaBIO), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.
Brain reconstruction, specially of the cerebral cortex, is a challenging task and even more so when it comes to highly gyrified brained animals. Here, we present Stitcher, a novel tool capable of generating such surfaces utilizing MRI data and manual segmentation. Stitcher makes a triangulation between consecutive brain slice segmentations by recursively adding edges that minimize the total length and simultaneously avoid self-intersection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
October 2024
Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Geosciences and Environment, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences (IGCE), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil. Electronic address:
Coastal areas are affected by urban, industrial and agriculture pollutants runoff, wastewater and stormwater discharges, making this environment the final repository of chemical contaminants. These contaminants have the potential to spread out to the entire food chain, impacting marine life and the quality of their habitat. In this aspect, the concept of marine mammals as bioindicators provides an approach to the degree of contamination in the environment and to the identification and management of multiple sources of contaminants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Struct Funct
November 2024
Rede Brasileira de Neurobiodiversidade, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.
The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) is a common species along Central and South American coastal waters. Although much effort has been made to understand its behavioral ecology and evolution, very little is known about its brain. The use of ultra-high field MRI in anatomical descriptions of cetacean brains is a very promising approach that is still uncommon.
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