Basing on the hypothesis that contact of hydrophobic surface clusters of proteins with water is thermodynamically disadvantageous, it is suggested to carry out the hydrophilization of protein surface by covalent modification in order to increase its thermostability. Hydrophilic fragments were introduced into the surface of alpha-chymotrypsin using acylation by anhydrides of aromatic carboxylic acids and reductive alkylation by aliphatic aldehydes. As a result of the hydrophilization the stability of the enzyme against irreversible thermoinactivation increased thousand-fold. The correlation is observed between the degree of hydrophilization of the protein surface and the increase in thermostability of modified alpha-chymotrypsin. The level of thermostability achieved by covalent modification of alpha-chymotrypsin is practically equal to thermostability of proteinases from extreme thermophiles, the most stable proteolytic enzymes currently known.
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