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Particles composed of secondary organic material (SOM) are abundant in the lower troposphere. The viscosity of these particles is a fundamental property that is presently poorly quantified yet required for accurate modeling of their formation, growth, evaporation, and environmental impacts. Using two unique techniques, namely a "bead-mobility" technique and a "poke-flow" technique, in conjunction with simulations of fluid flow, the viscosity of the water-soluble component of SOM produced by α-pinene ozonolysis is quantified for 20- to 50-μm particles at 293-295 K. The viscosity is comparable to that of honey at 90% relative humidity (RH), similar to that of peanut butter at 70% RH, and at least as viscous as bitumen at ≤30% RH, implying that the studied SOM ranges from liquid to semisolid or solid across the range of atmospheric RH. These data combined with simple calculations or previous modeling studies are used to show the following: (i) the growth of SOM by the exchange of organic molecules between gas and particle may be confined to the surface region of the particles for RH ≤ 30%; (ii) at ≤30% RH, the particle-mass concentrations of semivolatile and low-volatility organic compounds may be overpredicted by an order of magnitude if instantaneous equilibrium partitioning is assumed in the bulk of SOM particles; and (iii) the diffusivity of semireactive atmospheric oxidants such as ozone may decrease by two to five orders of magnitude for a drop in RH from 90% to 30%. These findings have possible consequences for predictions of air quality, visibility, and climate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219548110 | DOI Listing |
Vet Anim Sci
March 2025
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
Herbs rich in secondary metabolites may possess beneficial properties in livestock nutrition and health. 49 Polygonaceae species of European mountain regions were included in a qualitative systematic review based on the methodological framework of the PRISMA statement. 174 relevant publications were identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces
December 2024
Instituto IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Graphene adsorbed on Ru(0001) has been widely used as a template for adsorbing and isolating molecules, assembling organic-molecule structures with desired geometric and electronic properties and even inducing chemical reactions that are challenging to achieve in the gas phase. To fully exploit the potential of this substrate, for example, by being able to tune a graphene-based catalyst to perform optimally under specific conditions, it is crucial to understand the factors and mechanisms governing the molecule-substrate interaction. To contribute to this effort, we have conducted a combined experimental and theoretical study of the adsorption of cyanomethyl radicals (-CHCN) on this substrate below room temperature by performing scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
East China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA.
Although heterogeneous Fenton-like processes have attracted widespread attention in wastewater treatment, the mass leached active ions lead to secondary pollution and confuse the demarcation of reaction region. By constructing a constrained completely heterogeneous system and highlighting its reaction region concentrated within the slipping plane of particles, this work achieves efficient organic pollutants degradation without leaching of any free active metal components. Based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and electric double layer model, the specific existing of the constrained region is confirmed, and this neglected reaction region between solid interface and slipping plane in traditional heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction is clarified firstly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
December 2024
Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China. Electronic address:
Atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) reflects the potential of the atmosphere in converting primary pollutants into secondary aerosols and ozone (O). In this study, the AOC at an urban supersite in Wuhan, a megacity in central China, was quantified by considering the reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) with atmospheric oxidants (OH, NO, O, and Cl). Photochemical loss of total VOCs (13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
December 2024
Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
A domino approach towards β-carboline natural product taraxacine A and its analogues was developed. The main step relies on a silver(I) and base co-catalysed imidate-alkyne cyclization. The reaction tolerates primary and secondary alcohols, and various substitutions in the indole are possible.
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