Objective: To review the contemporary landscape regarding pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia.
Method: Selective literature review.
Results: Newer antipsychotic agents include aripiprazole, asenapine, paliperidone, sertindole and ziprasidone. Each has some particular benefits and some shortcomings. Overall treatment efficacy (for positive symptoms at least) has not advanced substantially but some newer agents might have a better profile than older typical agents for negative and cognitive symptoms. Metabolic side effects and hyperprolactinaemia remain a problem with some of the newer agents and appropriate monitoring is required.
Conclusions: Whilst newer antipsychotics have been welcome additions to our pharmacological armamentarium, mostly in terms of tolerability, we have still not seen a 'quantum leap' agent brought to market. Mechanisms of action apart from post-synaptic dopamine blockade appear worthy of further investigation in this regard.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856213486211 | DOI Listing |
Clin Exp Med
January 2025
LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, LSU School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, Room 510, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Anti-tumor immunotherapy was rediscovered and rejuvenated in the last two decades with the discovery of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 and the roles in inhibiting immune function and tumor evasion of anti-tumor immune response. Following the approval of the first checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab against CTLA-4 in melanoma in 2011, there has been a rapid development of tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, additional positive and negative molecules among the T-cell regulatory systems have been identified that that function to fine tune the stimulatory or inhibitory immune cells and modulate their functions (checkpoint modulators).
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January 2025
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
Acne vulgaris is the 8th most commonly prevailing skin disorder worldwide. Its pervasiveness has been predominant in juveniles, especially males, during adolescence and in females during adulthood. The lifestyle and nutrition adopted have been significantly reported to impact the occurrence and frequency of acne.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Transplant
January 2025
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Universal cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis is recommended for at-risk lung transplant recipients. Valganciclovir is currently the preferred first-line agent. Valganciclovir-related myelosuppression, however, can lead to drug discontinuation or reduction in anti-metabolite immunosuppression.
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3rd Department of Critical Care, Evgenidio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Introduction: Fungal infections constitute a significant global health threat, with an estimated incidence of 6.5 million invasive fungal infections and 2.5 million associated deaths each year.
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Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a long-term condition characterised by increased resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary circulation. The disease has a progressive course and is associated with a poor prognosis. Without treatment, PAH is associated with mortality in <3 years.
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