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Toxicity of airborne nanoparticles: Facts and challenges.
Environ Int
August 2024
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental healthhazards, and airborne nanoparticles (diameter <100 nm) are considered particularly hazardous to human health. They are produced by various sources such as internal combustion engines, wood and biomass burning, and fuel and natural gas combustion, and their origin, among other parameters, determines their intrinsic toxicity for reasons that are not yet fully understood. Many constituents of the nanoparticles are considered toxic or at least hazardous, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal compounds, in addition to gaseous pollutants present in the aerosol fraction, such as NOx, SO and ozone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural representation in active inference: Using generative models to interact with-and understand-the lived world.
Ann N Y Acad Sci
April 2024
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
This paper considers neural representation through the lens of active inference, a normative framework for understanding brain function. It delves into how living organisms employ generative models to minimize the discrepancy between predictions and observations (as scored with variational free energy). The ensuing analysis suggests that the brain learns generative models to navigate the world adaptively, not (or not solely) to understand it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDissemination of clinical and scientific practice through social media: a SIAARTI consensus-based document.
J Anesth Analg Crit Care
March 2024
Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Background: Dissemination of medical practice and scientific information through social media (SoMe) by clinicians and researchers is increasing. Broad exposure of information can promote connectivity within the scientific community, overcome barriers to access to sources, increase debate, and reveal layperson perspectives and preferences. On the other hand, practices lacking scientific evidence may also be promoted, laypeople may misunderstand the professional message, and clinician may suffer erosion of professional status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditional and Recent Root Canal Irrigation Methods and Their Effectiveness: A Review.
Clin Pract
August 2023
Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21531, Egypt.
According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with approved solutions and activating them are essential parts of this operation. This review outlines various irrigant activation methods for root canal therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatterns of cytonuclear discordance and divergence between subspecies of the scarlet macaw (Ara macao) in Central America.
Genetica
October 2023
Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
The scarlet macaw, Ara macao, is a neotropical parrot that contains two described subspecies with broadly discrete geographical distributions. One subspecies, A. m.
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