The Medizinercorps Graz: a 120-year-old institution of emergency medicine.

One year after the establishment of the rescue service of Graz, Austria, in 1889, twelve young medical students were recruited because of the lack of accredited physicians for emergency care, leading to the foundation of the Medizinercorps Graz. This concept of involving medical students in prehospital emergency care has been retained for more than 120 years, and today the Medizinercorps is integrated into the local Red Cross branch, staffing two emergency ambulance vehicles. The responsible medical officer is called Rettungsmediziner and is an advanced medical student with a specialized emergency medical training of more than 3,000 hours, comprising theoretical lectures; in-hospital clerkships in anesthesia, internal medicine, and surgery; manikin training; and hands-on peer-to-peer teaching during assignments. The local emergency medical system provides at least 10 regular basic ambulance vehicles, the two emergency ambulance vehicles, and two emergency physicians on a 24-hours-a-day/seven-days-a-week basis for about 300,000 people. The emergency ambulance vehicles staffed with a Rettungsmediziner respond to all kinds of possibly life-threatening situations and also provide interhospital transfer of intensive care patients. This entirely volunteer-based system enables extremely high-level prehospital emergency care, saves resources and reduces costs, and employs modern training concepts for the continuing advancement of prehospital emergency care.