Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a concern for many cancer patients. It can have an enormous impact on quality of life. CINV occurring in the first 24 hours after treatment is considered acute, and CINV occurring on days 2 through 5 after treatment is considered delayed. Anticipatory nausea and depression can also occur when patients are reminded of their chemotherapy treatment. CINV can lead to weight changes, fatigue, and the need for additional medications. Even mild to moderate CINV can increase health care utilization and costs, as well as delay treatment. Nausea and vomiting are separate events, although their mechanisms are entwined. Drugs that stop vomiting do not necessarily treat nausea. Control of CINV allows patients to complete treatment and to minimize use of health care resources and additional medications. Current antiemesis agents, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) antagonists and neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonists, have markedly decreased hospitalization for chemotherapy and have nearly eliminated acute emesis. The second-generation 5-HT3 receptor palonosetron has a unique pharmacology that makes it especially effective at preventing delayed emesis.
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Brain Behav
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Medical College, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Duloxetine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is used to treat various health conditions, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, and off-label for chemotherapy-induced pain. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to test the current evidence regarding effectiveness and safety of duloxetine for postspine surgeries pain.
Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus and Web of science databases for relevant articles up to March 2024.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Despite using the recommended anti-emetic treatments, control of nausea and vomiting is still an unmet need for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Few properly controlled clinical trials have evaluated the potential of exogenously administered cannabinoids or manipulations of the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system to treat nausea and vomiting. In this chapter, we explore the pre-clinical and human clinical trial evidence for the potential of exogenous cannabinoids and manipulations of the eCB system to reduce nausea and vomiting.
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December 2024
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4 , Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
The background of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is complex, and its influence on adverse pregnancy outcomes is inconsistently reported. We performed a multi-institutional, retrospective analysis using de-identified electronic health records from the TriNetX Research Network to compare various pregnancy outcomes in women with and those without H.
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December 2024
National Institute of Virology, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
Dengue fever is a vector-borne, acute, febrile, and self-limiting systemic viral infection that affects tropical and subtropical regions, including Pakistan. Karachi has a significant burden of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus due to suitable breeding sites, weather, and rapid and unplanned urbanization of squatter areas. The country has limited surveillance studies on circulating serotypes of the dengue virus and the patient's clinical features evolving over temporal changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurogastroenterol Motil
December 2024
Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is defined by its episodic patterning. Furthermore, CVS is associated with other episodic disorders such as migraine and epilepsy. Indeed, many of the medications that are known to be useful for prophylaxis and abortive therapy in CVS are also effective in preventing and aborting migraines and seizures.
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