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Altered hippocampal effective connectivity predicts BMI and food approach behavior in children with obesity.
Int J Clin Health Psychol
January 2025
Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Objective: The vicious circle model of obesity proposes that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in food reward processing and obesity. However, few studies focused on whether and how pediatric obesity influences the potential direction of information exchange between the hippocampus and key regions, as well as whether these alterations in neural interaction could predict future BMI and eating behaviors.
Methods: In this longitudinal study, a total of 39 children with excess weight (overweight/obesity) and 51 children with normal weight, aged 8 to 12, underwent resting-state fMRI.
To what extent are digital health interventions targeting HIV care cascade among mobile populations feasible, acceptable, and effective? A mixed methods systematic review protocol.
Syst Rev
January 2025
Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Introduction: Human mobility is associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition and disengagement from HIV care, leading to poorer health outcomes among highly mobile individuals compared to less mobile individuals. Mobile individuals, broadly defined as those who temporally, seasonally, or permanently move from one place to another for voluntary or involuntary reasons, face many challenges in accessing HIV care services. These challenges include logistical difficulties, interruptions in HIV care continuity, and limited access to services across different locations, which together hinder timely testing, treatment initiation, and viral suppression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerinophospholipids: A Third Type of Natural Phospholipid Discovered in a Thermophilic Bacterium.
J Nat Prod
January 2025
The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 6012.
Phospholipids are an essential constituent of cells with all life thought to produce these compounds with either a glycerol or sphingoid moiety at their core. For the first time, we demonstrate that a thermophilic bacterium, NGM72.4, produces a third type of phospholipid, serinophospholipids, which are distinct from glycero- and sphingophospholipids by featuring a serinol backbone instead.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing shared decision-making: a case study of third-year medical student standardized patient encounters.
Int J Med Educ
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
Objectives: We aimed to determine if shared decision-making (SDM) self-assessment of a standardized patient (SP) scenario was reliable, specifically whether students' communication resulted in each SP-student pair reporting internally consistent final treatment choices. We hypothesized student self-assessment would differ from SP and faculty assessment indicating a need for multisource feedback.
Methods: In this observational case study from 2016-2017, all third-year post-clerkship medical students received evidence-based treatment options for sinusitis and SDM lectures followed by a SP encounter on sinusitis.
Addressing the concept of total pain in palliative care: A postcolonial South African hospice view.
Palliat Support Care
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Objectives: Palliative care, which was formally established in the Global North, is now recognized globally as part of health care. As part of a larger study, we were interested in how decision-makers at a leading hospice in South Africa understood the changing local context and its influence on the delivery of services. We were interested in how the concept of "total pain," as outlined by Saunders, applies in a very unequal and under-resourced society in the shadow of a long, oppressive colonial, and apartheid past.
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