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DNA is frequently damaged by genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen species. DNA damage is a key contributor to cancer initiation and progression, and thus the precise and timely repair of these harmful lesions is required. Recent studies revealed transcription as a source of genome instability, and transcription-coupled DNA damage has been a focus in cancer research.

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Article Synopsis
  • Gene expression biomarkers can help identify both genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, which could reduce the need for animal testing.
  • In August 2022, a workshop reviewed current methods for using transcriptomic profiling to detect genotoxic chemicals, examining 1341 papers to find reliable biomarkers.
  • The analysis identified two promising in vivo biomarkers and three in vitro biomarkers that show over 92% predictive accuracy and can be adapted for various testing conditions, with support from workshop participants for their regulatory adoption.
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Collagens are biofunctional proteins that have been widely used in many fields, including biomedical, cosmetics, and skin care for their value in maintaining the integrity of cellular membranes. Collagens are also commonly consumed in foods and provide a source of protein and amino acids. As part of the safety assessment for this particular recombinant humanized type III (RHTypeIII) collagen produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168-2COL3, a series of toxicological tests were conducted.

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Since the establishment of the COVID-19 pandemic, a range of studies have been developed to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine development, and therapeutic testing. However, the possible impacts that these viruses can have on non-target organisms have been explored little, and our knowledge of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for biota is still very limited. Thus, the current study aimed to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the possible impacts of oral exposure of C57Bl/6 J female mice to SARS-CoV-2 lysate protein (at 20 µg/L) for 30 days, using multiple methods, including behavioral assessments, biochemical analyses, and histopathological examinations.

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Machine learning enhances genotoxicity assessment using MultiFlow® DNA damage assay.

Environ Mol Mutagen

December 2024

Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Genotoxicity is a critical determinant for assessing the safety of pharmaceutical drugs, their metabolites, and impurities. Among genotoxicity tests, mechanistic assays such as the MultiFlow® DNA damage assay (MFA) allows the investigations on mode of action (MoA) of DNA damage through four mechanistic markers recorded at two time points. Previous studies have shown that machine learning (ML) can enhance precision on classifying the MoA of genotoxicants.

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