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The cell surface of Trypanosoma brucei, like many protistan blood parasites, is crucial for mediating host-parasite interactions and is instrumental to the initiation, maintenance and severity of infection. Previous comparisons with the related trypanosomatid parasites T. cruzi and Leishmania major suggest that the cell-surface proteome of T. brucei is largely taxon-specific. Here we compare genes predicted to encode cell surface proteins of T. brucei with those from two related African trypanosomes, T. congolense and T. vivax. We created a cell surface phylome (CSP) by estimating phylogenies for 79 gene families with putative surface functions to understand the more recent evolution of African trypanosome surface architecture. Our findings demonstrate that the transferrin receptor genes essential for bloodstream survival in T. brucei are conserved in T. congolense but absent from T. vivax and include an expanded gene family of insect stage-specific surface glycoproteins that includes many currently uncharacterized genes. We also identify species-specific features and innovations and confirm that these include most expression site-associated genes (ESAGs) in T. brucei, which are absent from T. congolense and T. vivax. The CSP presents the first global picture of the origins and dynamics of cell surface architecture in African trypanosomes, representing the principal differences in genomic repertoire between African trypanosome species and provides a basis from which to explore the developmental and pathological differences in surface architectures. All data can be accessed at: http://www.genedb.org/Page/trypanosoma_surface_phylome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002121 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
March 2025
Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Electronics, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia. Electronic address:
The pervasive occurrence of various organic contaminants, primarily dye molecules, in water bodies was caused by multiple dye industrial wastes, which recently sparked great scientific concern and public awareness due to their potential to spread these contaminants' resistant genes and pose a risk to humans. Cross-linking graphene in chitosan resulted in nanocomposites in varied morphology, increased surface area, and considerably improved photocatalytic removal of bromothymol blue and bromophenol blue. The degradation capacity of photocatalysts at various concentrations (25 and 50 mg) was 96.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
March 2025
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
Fabrication of macroporous scaffolds with favorable mechanical and biological properties based on natural polysaccharides embedding inorganic components has emerged as a promising alternative for bone regeneration. We hypothesized that partially demineralized chitin containing natural calcium phosphate with suitable mechanical strength as the inorganic component is more favorable for this purpose than commonly used nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA). Therefore, a macroporous cryogel scaffold composed of gelatin (G), nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and partially demineralized chitin (PDCh), chemically crosslinked with oxidized dextran (ODex), was developed in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
March 2025
Department of Chemistry, School of Humanities and Basic Sciences, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur 768018, Odisha, India. Electronic address:
The proposed investigation aims towards introducing a facile and cost-effective chitosan-based material for healing of full thickness wounds via stimulation of keratinocyte at wound junction to yield faster closure. Chitosan (CS) crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymeric networks are chosen as the matrix element to incorporate gold nanoparticles (Au Nps) and nano calcium carbonate (CaCO Nps) via covalent and electrostatic interactions. The as-synthesized CS/PAA@Au/CaCO nanocomposite hydrogels reveal high in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility against human kidney epithelial (HKE) cells and drosophila larvae, with minimum cell viability of 88.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
March 2025
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China. Electronic address:
In the present study, we introduce the concept of "transdermal sequential delivery" as a non-invasive and synergistic approach for the treatment of melanoma. We developed a functionalized Deep Eutectic System (DES) that incorporates both small molecule drugs and nanoparticles. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) served as the Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) to form the DES, while glutathione (GSH)-responsive Mesoporous Organosilicon Nanoparticles (MON) were prepared and encapsulated with chlorin e6 (Ce6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Cell Proteomics
March 2025
Department of Pathology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; Department of Oncology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231.
This study delves into the proteomic intricacies of drug-resistant cells (DRCs) within prostate cancer, which are known for their pivotal roles in therapeutic resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Utilizing single-cell proteomics (SCP) with an optimized high-throughput Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) approach with the throughput of 60 sample per day, we characterized the proteomic landscape of DRCs in comparison to parental PC3 cells. This DIA method allowed for robust and reproducible protein quantification at the single-cell level, enabling the identification and quantification of over 1,300 proteins per cell on average.
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