Purpose Of Review: To discuss several important developments in the diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) in the past year.
Recent Findings: Germ cell function and tumorigenesis may be influenced by exposure to a variety of agents, including metals and cannabinoids. Genome-wide association studies have identified variants in several genes that may produce susceptibility to the development of testicular malignancies, and expression of certain proteins predicts a poorer prognosis and may, thus, play a role in neoplastic progression. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection continues to play a crucial role in definitive treatment of patients with nonseminoma germ cell tumor, whereas radiotherapy, as a standard treatment for early-stage seminoma, has been declining due both to the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy and to the increased risk of radiation-related secondary malignancies. Advanced and platinum-refractory disease states continue to be challenging entities in terms of optimizing therapy and outcome.
Summary: Preclinical and clinical studies continue to enhance our insights into the complex biology of TGCTs, and are helping to further refine risk stratification and optimize treatment of patients with TGCTs.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0b013e32835ff3e3 | DOI Listing |
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