Triacetone triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane, TATP) is nowadays one of the most commonly used improvised explosives. It is prepared by the action of hydrogen peroxide on acetone in an acidic environment. Easily available mineral acids - hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and perchloric - are the most often recommended on the extremist web pages dealing with improvised production of explosives. The various TATP producers' choice of acid mainly depends on the author's experiences and the local availability of the acid. A knowledge of the kind of acid used for TATP production can help in detecting the person who has made the TATP, or who has committed a criminal act using TATP. Therefore, a capillary isotachophoretic method was developed for determination of residual anions (originating from the acid used during TATP synthesis) in the resulting TATP crystals. This analytical method has proved to be reliable; the acid used for TATP synthesis was correctly identified in all samples analyzed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.007 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
May 2024
Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
Homemade explosives, such as peroxides, nitrates, and chlorates, are increasingly abused by terrorists, criminals, and amateur chemists. The starting materials are easily accessible and instructions on how to make the explosives are described on the Internet. Safety considerations raise the need to detect these substances quickly and in low concentrations using simple methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2023
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.
Oxygen- and nitrogen-heteroatom-doped, water-dispersible, and bright blue-fluorescent carbon dots (ON-CDs) were prepared for the selective and sensitive determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA). ON-CDs with 49.7% quantum yield were one-pot manufactured by the reflux method using citric acid, d-glucose, and ethylenediamine precursors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
May 2023
Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Organic peroxide explosives (OPEs) are unstable, non-military, contemporary security threats often found in improvised explosive devices. Chemiluminescence (CL) can be used to detect OPEs, via radical formation consisting of peroxide moieties (-O-O-) under acidic conditions. However, selectivity for specific OPEs is hampered by the ubiquitous background of HO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
December 2022
Engineering Faculty, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320Istanbul, Turkey.
Since peroxide-based explosives (PBEs) lack reactive functional groups, they cannot be determined directly by most detection methods and are often detected indirectly by converting them to HO. However, HO may originate from many sources, causing false positives in PBE detection. Here, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor for the direct sensitive and selective determination of PBEs such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) using electrochemical modification of the glassy carbon (GC) electrode with PBE-memory polycarbazole (PCz) films decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by cyclic voltammetry (CV).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
November 2022
Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK. Electronic address:
Explosives are powerful destructive weapons used by criminals and terrorists across the globe and their use within military installation sites poses serious environmental health problems. Existing colorimetric sensors for triacetone triperoxide (TATP) relies on detecting its hydrolysed HO form. However, such detection strategy limits the practicability for on-site TATP sensing.
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